Treatment of glaucoma by prostaglandin agonists and beta‐blockers in combination directly reduces pro‐fibrotic gene expression in trabecular meshwork

Abstract

Glaucoma is a disorder that eventually leads to optic neuropathy resulting in a compromise of visual field perception in a patient. It is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide and if left untreated can cause an irreversible loss of vision. 1 Primary glaucoma is of two types-primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) based on the morphology of irido-corneal angle. In both the situations, there is an increase in the intraocular pressure (IOP) and eventually there is damage to the optic nerve, and

Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Ripasudil 0.4% and Bimatoprost 0.01% in Patients of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension

“…Animal studies also demonstrated an increase in outflow facility with Netarsudil therapy. [31] However, the Netarsudil concentration in that trial was higher (0.04% vs. 0.02% in our investigation), and two drops rather than one were administered to each eye. In this study both bimatoprost and netarsudil showed significant decrease in IOP, however, bimatoprost was found to be more effective in decreasing IOP in all patients as compared to netarsudil especially more in higher base line group.…”

The Effect of Primary Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty on Intraocular Pressure Reduction and Quality of Life in Patients with Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma

“…Prostaglandin analogs improve uveoscleral outflow as an alternative way of the aqueous humor resorption. Containing prostaglandins, they amplify intraocular inflammation, so they should be avoided in XFG treatment ( 16 ). All of these agents contain benzalkonium chloride, a substance that provides prolonged shelf life of the opened vial of eye drops.…”

Connective tissue growth factor: Role in trabecular meshwork remodeling and intraocular pressure lowering

“…150 Recent studies have demonstrated that treatment with combined prostaglandin analogues and β-blockers more effectively suppressed the profibrotic genes expression in TM of patients with POAG compared to treatment with prostaglandin analogues alone or β-blockers alone. The study by Tejwani et al 151 observed that combination of bimatoprost and timolol lowered the TGFβ1 , TGFβ2 , CTGF , FN gene expression. It was also observed that CTGF expression was lower in β-blockers alone group compared to prostaglandin-alone group.…”

“…The study also observed that the effects on profibrotic markers were modulated by inhibiting the phosphorylation of SMAD 3. 151…”

“…The study also observed that the effects on profibrotic markers were modulated by inhibiting the phosphorylation of SMAD 3. 151 Rho Kinase (ROCK) inhibitor. Rho GTPase proteins are from the Ras superfamily and consist of monomeric small GTP-binding proteins.…”