Treatment of Glabellar Frown Lines with C. Botulinum‐A Exotoxin

Abstract

Eighteen patients with glabellar frown lines were treated with C. botulinum-A exotoxin. Sixteen of the 17 patients followed showed improvement for periods ranging from 3 months to 11 months. Side-effects were minimal and transient. Because C. botulinum-A exotoxin therapy of glabellar frown lines treats the underlying cause of these lines, it is more effective than soft tissue augmentation although this improvement is temporary. Treatment with C. botulinum-A exotoxin is a simple, safe procedure.

Botulinum Neurotoxins: Biology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology

“…Current estimates suggest that approximately half of the medical production of BoNT/A1 is used in aesthetic medicine. The serendipitous observation that BoNT/A1 smoothed facial lines when used therapeutically (Carruthers and Carruthers, 1992) led to study the toxin effect on glabellar lines, which are perceived as a sign of aging and of negative emotions. The repetitive contraction and activity of the procerus and the corrugator supercilii muscles involved in facial expression is mainly responsible for glabellar lines and can be attenuated by BoNT/A1 injection into three to five sites of these muscles (Gendler and Nagler, 2015).…”

AbobotulinumtoxinA: A 25-Year History

“…In January 1992, Carruthers and Carruthers reported that BoNT-A injections improved glabellar frown lines in 17 patients over 3 to 11 months. 53 In April of the same year, researchers at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center described the use of BoNT-A in hyperfunctional lines associated with the frontalis musculature and platysma during the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery conference in Palm Springs. All patients experienced partial or total resolution of painful contractions or unsightly hyperfunctional lines and spasms, the effect lasting for 3 to 6 months.…”

Guest Editorial: Challenging issues in aesthetic surgery

“…It has been fuelled by several factors, the most notable being an increasing awareness ofaesthetic proceduresto enhance appearances, publicity in the media and internet and their widespread availability and social acceptance. The advent of several minimally invasive aesthetic procedures such as neurotoxins, fillers, chemical peels, fractional ablative and non-ablative laser systems and microneedling therapy, which are effective with minimal downtime,has further paved the way for increasing acceptance of rejuvenation procedures as opposed to the traditional surgical procedures such as face lifts and ablative resurfacing that involved considerable downtime and expense.Ever since the first observation of the improvement of glabellar wrinkles by botulinum toxin used to treat blepharospasm and strabismus [1] and subsequent approval of the cosmetic use of the toxin for glabellar wrinkles this cosmetic procedure is the topmost among all aesthetic procedures. The evolving trend is moving away from fixed dose and fixed point injections towards a more customized approach depending on individual anatomic differences.…”

“…Ever since the first observation of the improvement of glabellar wrinkles by botulinum toxin used to treat blepharospasm and strabismus [1] and subsequent approval of the cosmetic use of the toxin for glabellar wrinkles this cosmetic procedure is the topmost among all aesthetic procedures. The evolving trend is moving away from fixed dose and fixed point injections towards a more customized approach depending on individual anatomic differences.…”