Treatment of epidemic typhus with chloromycetin

Payne, Eugene H.; Sharp, E. A.; Knaudt, Jose A

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(48)90021-2

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Chloromycetin is active against certain Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, acid-fast bacteria, and Rickettsia (Smith et al, 1948). It has been reported that this antibiotic has been used successfully to treat epidemic typhus (Payne and Knaudt, 1948 At present there is no satisfactory synthetic substitute for ergonovine (Mass, 1950 C. purpurea has been cultured under laboratory conditions but forms neither sclerotia nor alkaloids under these conditions (Michener and Snell, 1950).…”

Section: Ch-coohmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology of the fungi [by] Virgil Greene Lilly [and] Horace L. Barnett.

Lilly¹

1951

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PHYSIOLOGY OF THE FUNGI previous knowledge. Organization and interpretation of facts are equally as important as the experimentation which reveals them.The fungi as a group are highly responsive to their environment and are thus excellent test organisms for inquiring into the secrets of nature.Nature always answers correctly the questions we ask, and, in this sense, no experiment is a failure, although we may fail to ask the question we intended, or we may misunderstand the answer given. Infinite care is required to frame a question so that a definite answer may be obtained. By observing fungi in nature we are limited to questions asked by nature.Commonly, the environmental and nutritional factors are so complex that the influence of a single variable cannot be evaluated. By controlling the conditions under which a fungus is placed in the laboratory it is possible to ask questions of great precision. Indeed, the number and scope of the questions which we may ask fungi are limited only by the present-day techniques and the curiosity of the investigator.Since most of our knowledge of the physiology of the fungi has been gained from laboratory investigations, the experimental approach will be emphasized in the discussions which follow. However, this choice is not meant to minimize the importance of and need for critical observations in nature.By emphasizing the results of careful laboratory research, we are better able in the following chapters to present the facts necessary for an understanding of the vital principles of fungus physiology, and also to show that these principles, theories, and hypotheses are founded upon experimental evidence. FUNGUS PHYSIOLOGY IN RELATION TO OTHER SCIENCESPhysiology is that branch of science which deals with the life processes or the activities of organisms. The activities of the whole organism or of any of its parts may be hmited by its form or structure. Both the activity and the form of an individual are determined to a great extent by its genetic constitution and are modified by the environment to which the organism is exposed. Physiology, therefore, is not an independent subject.An understanding of physiological principles is based, in part, upon facts and theories from many other fields of science, such as chemistry, physics, anatomy, cytology, bacteriology, and genetics. Many of the physiological principles which have been established for one group of organisms apply equally well to other groups. The vitamins essential to the normal growth of the fungi are the same as those required by man, animals, and the higher plants. The general functions of these vitamins appear to be the same in all organisms. The difference in the vitamin requirements seems to lie in the different abilities of these groups of organisms (or individuals within the group) to synthesize these necessary compounds. As Schopfer (1943) has pointed out, the The life processes of the fungi involve numerous chemical transformations.Living organisms make and use special organic catalysts, enzymes, which control ...

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Section: Ch-coohmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology of the fungi [by] Virgil Greene Lilly [and] Horace L. Barnett.

Lilly¹

1951

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“…Pronounced anemia may be present without any history of hematemesis or tarry stools. 6 associated with complicated diseases. Unfortunately, medical treatment cannot suffice in these instances, and some form of surgery must be used.…”

Section: Report Of Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Hiatus Hernia in Older Persons

Pickhardt¹

1950

JAMA

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It is of interest to note the anatomic misdirection of fiber that sometimes occurs in other neural regenerations, particularly in the facial nerve. The facial muscles will not always react as they should when a facial nerve regenerates. The amazing thing is that the third nerve will regenerate to the point where, for all practical pur¬ poses, it functions normally. To see one of these nerves at the time of surgical intervention, one would say that the nerve could never regenerate because only the tiniest thread held the two ends together. Many times the portion of the nerve trunk that is left is only about one tenth of the normal diameter of the third nerve. Dr. Smith inquired about the careful obser¬ vation and recording of everything that happens in regard to the movement of the eyeballs and particularly of the pupils. My material has been voluminous, and my associates and I are now gaining enough experience on which to plan our obser¬ vations. A great deal of this material was seen by various ophthalmologists and many neurologists, and we have not really worked out an accurate routine of examination. I do not believe that sympathetic factors have anything to do with causing mul¬ tiple aneurysms. It is fairly well established that most of these are due to a congenital malformation, and I cannot conceive of sympathetic inhibition having anything to do with their formation. The ophthalmologist is most frequently the first to examine patients with intra;ranial aneurysms ; therefore he must be informed as to the appropriate forms of treatment.Clinical experience has shown that esophageal hiatus hernia in older persons often presents diagnostic and therapeutic problems. The reasons for this are that the hiatus hernia may exist without symptoms ; it may produce a syndrome which simulates other diseases, as for example, cholelithiasis or cardiovascular disease ; it may be associated with other diseases and produce complications, the symptoms of which dominate the clinical picture, and, finally, the treatment of hiatus hernia, whether medical or surgical, is not infrequently followed by a recurrence of the symptoms. In this article we wish to stress two aspects of this subject, namely, varied clinical manifestations of associated diseases of hiatus hernia which were encountered in a group of patients and the surgical treatment by phrenic interruption. r CLINICAL STUDY This study is based on a series of 29 patients whose age range was from 50 to 86 years. Seven were men ; 22 were women. In each case the presence of an

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“…Reports on the use of Chloromycetin in the treatment of human infections, up to the time of writing, have been confined to its use in epidemic typhus 4,5 and in scrub typhus. 6 In both of these rickettsial infections Chloromycetin has demonstrated marked therapeutic effectiveness.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%