Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis With Photodynamic Therapy

Enk, Claes D.

doi:10.1001/archderm.139.4.432

Cited by 98 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This observation supports the clinical utility of such therapeutic procedures for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (16,18). Especially relevant is the demonstration that cytolysis of this cutaneous Leishmania species is rapid and extensive only with a combination of the photosensitizer and light but not with the individual treatments alone (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…The therapeutic effectiveness of photosensitizers based on this principle may be improved by enhancing such uptake by conjugating them to ligands for high-capacity endocytosis via, for example, scavenger receptors of macrophages (13,14,20). Stimulation of the local immune response by irradiation coupled with the use of parasite antigens released from photodynamically lysed amastigotes as natural vaccines (10) may explain the therapeutic benefits of the procedures used for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (16,18). The principle of photodynamic therapy offers new ways to improve prophylaxis and therapy of infectious and other diseases (29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photodynamic Sensitization of Leishmania amazonensis in both Extracellular and Intracellular Stages with Aluminum Phthalocyanine Chloride for Photolysis In Vitro

Dutta

Ray

Kolli

et al. 2005

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Leishmania amazonensis, a causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis, is susceptible in vitro to lightmediated cytolysis in the presence of or after pretreatment with the photosensitizer aluminum phthalocyanine chloride. Cytolysis of both promastigotes and axenic amastigotes required less photosensitizer (e.g., one g · ml ؊1 ) and a lower light dose (e.g., 1.5 J · cm ؊2 ) than did the mammalian cells examined for comparison. Exposure of Leishmania cells to the photosensitizer alone had little effect on their viability, as judged from their motility, growth, and/or retention of green fluorescent proteins genetically engineered for episomal expression. Fluorimetric assays for cell-associated and released green fluorescence proteins proved to be even more sensitive for the evaluation of cell viability than microscopy for the evaluation of motility and/or integrity. Axenic amastigotes pretreated with the photosensitizer infected macrophages of the J774 line but were lysed intracellularly when the infected cells were exposed to light. Addition of the photosensitizer to the already infected cells produced no effect on their intracellular parasites. However, light irradiation lysed these macrophages and also those infected with parasites preincubated with the photosensitizer at a concentration of 5 g · ml ؊1 or higher. Photosensitized Leishmania cells are highly susceptible to cytolysis, apparently due to the generation of reactive oxidative species on light illumination, suggestive of inefficiency of their antioxidant mechanisms. Efficient delivery of photosensitizers to intracellular Leishmania is expected to increase their therapeutic potentials against leishmaniasis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic Sensitization of Leishmania amazonensis in both Extracellular and Intracellular Stages with Aluminum Phthalocyanine Chloride for Photolysis In Vitro

Dutta

Ray

Kolli

et al. 2005

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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show abstract

“…Enk et al 7 treated patients with CL caused by L. major, with ALA applied in solution with water and oil before the LASER (wavelength in the red area) and demonstrated a reduction in lesion size, elimination of amastigotes in smears of the lesion, complete healing of the lesion and a little hyperpigmentation at the site. Several studies with PDT used LASER as a light source 7,14,17 and several compounds as photosensitizer substances. 8,[17][18][19] Although the LED unit is less potent than LASER, the price of LED is much lower.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Treatment of leishmaniasis with PDT showed complete lesion healing with the elimination of amastigotes forms in animal models. 5,7,8 In humans, good results were also obtained in the treatment of this disease, including esthetic results. 7 The side effects observed in the treatment with PDT were rare, but the discomfort caused by the heat when lasers were used as light source were reported.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%