Treatment of chronic nightmares in adjudicated adolescent girls in a residential facility

Krakow, Barry; Sandoval, Diane; Schrader, Ron; Keuhne, Bruce; McBride, Leslie G.; Yau, C. Lillian; Tandberg, Dan

doi:10.1016/s1054-139x(00)00195-6

Cited by 101 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…They were able to decrease nightmare frequency and subjective distress, though PTSD symptoms and overall sleep complaints did not improve. 51 Together, self-report studies find significantly higher reports of sleep disturbances and nightmares in children and adolescents who were exposed to trauma and/or diagnosed with PTSD than in non-trauma-exposed samples. However, there is considerable variability among these studies in the amount of sleep disturbances reported, ranging from 3% to 77.1%, and in the amount of nightmares reported, ranging from 20.3% to 80.8% ( Table 2).…”

Section: -50mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One behavioral treatment, image rehearsal therapy (IRT), a treatment for nightmares with demonstrated effectiveness in adult patients with PTSD, has been modified for treatment in adolescent populations. 51 Krakow et al adapted IRT for adolescent girls (ages 13-18) sentenced to Wyoming Girls School. They were able to decrease nightmare frequency and subjective distress, though PTSD symptoms and overall sleep complaints did not improve.…”

Section: -50mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sleep Disturbance in Pediatric PTSD: Current Findings and Future Directions

Kovachy

O’Hara

Hawkins

et al. 2013

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

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Many studies have provided strong evidence of a fundamental and complex role for sleep disturbances in adult posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Investigations of adult PTSD using subjective and objective measures document sleep architecture abnormalities and high prevalence of sleep disordered breathing, periodic limb movement disorder, nightmares, and insomnia. PTSD treatment methods do appear to signifi cantly improve sleep disturbance, and also studies suggest that treatments for sleep disorders often result in improvements in PTSD symptoms. Further, the most recent evidence suggests sleep abnormalities may precede the development of PTSD. Given the importance of sleep disorders to the onset, course, and treatment of adult PTSD, examination of sleep disturbances far earlier in the life course is imperative. Here we review the literature on what we know about sleep disturbances and disorders in pediatric PTSD. Our review indicates that the extant, empirical data examining sleep disturbance and disorders in pediatric PTSD is limited. Yet, this literature suggests there are signifi cantly higher reports of sleep disturbances and nightmares in children and adolescents exposed to trauma and/or diagnosed with PTSD than in non-trauma-exposed samples. Sleep questionnaires are predominantly employed to assess sleep disorders in pediatric PTSD, with few studies utilizing objective measures. Given the important, complex relationship being uncovered between adult PTSD and sleep, this review calls for further research of sleep in children with PTSD using more specifi c subjective measures and also objective measures, such as polysomnography and eventually treatment trial studies.

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Section: -50mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -50mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep Disturbance in Pediatric PTSD: Current Findings and Future Directions

Kovachy

O’Hara

Hawkins

et al. 2013

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

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“…In addition to combat veterans, nightmares also frequently occur in female survivors of sexual trauma. In a recent randomized controlled trial, Krakow et al [2001] found that, at baseline, 114 female sexual assault survivors with PTSD reported as many as six nightmares per week. For a majority of these adult females, their traumatic experiences included sexual and physical assault during childhood.…”

Section: Trauma-related Nightmaresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep in post-traumatic stress disorder and panic: Convergence and divergence

Sheikh

Woodward²,

Leskin³

2003

Depress. Anxiety

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Disturbed sleep is a common clinical problem in anxiety disorders, particularly in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and panic disorder (PD). Several studies have attempted to validate the subjective sleep complaints of these disorders using laboratory polysomnography. These attempts, typically focusing on PTSD or PD independently, have demonstrated inconsistent results. To our knowledge, no such studies have attempted to directly compare and contrast sleep disturbances in PTSD and PD together. Our review of the studies of subjective sleep disturbances, sleep architecture, and sleep-related biologic phenomena suggests that a comparative characterization of sleep disturbances in these two disorders is timely. Such an inference is based on our identification of several areas of convergence and divergence between PTSD and PD found in the published literature, as well as our own preliminary investigations. Specifically, PTSD and PD seem to converge on several sleep-related parameters, namely, sleep quality, presence of episodic parasomnias, and movement time. They also appear to diverge in other important sleep-related areas such as respiratory disturbances and the particular phenomenological nature of episodic parasomnias, namely nightmares or nocturnal panic attacks. Investigations focusing on such overlapping phenomena may provide groundwork for further elucidation of central fear systems underlying these two disorders. Additionally, such sleep studies have the potential to provide important insights into ongoing efforts to develop a cohesive conceptual framework into the patho-physiologies of these disorders.

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“…The second one [108, 109] applied IRT to subjects of whom 95% suffered from PTSD. Roughly one third of participants in the third study suffered from PTSD, a further 30% showed mild posttraumatic stress symptoms [110]. It is remarkable that in these three and also in two other uncontrolled studies [111, 112] subjects reported not only a reduction in nightmare frequency but also in PTSD symptoms beyond distressing dreams.…”

Section: Therapy For Posttraumatic Nightmaresmentioning

confidence: 92%

Dreaming in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Critical Review of Phenomenology, Psychophysiology and Treatment

Wittmann

Schredl

Kramer

2006

Psychother Psychosom

136

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This review summarizes the available knowledge on the phenomenology of posttraumatic dreams. Posttraumatic nightmares are reported by up to 70% of individuals suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). An extensive review of polysomnographic studies suggests that neither this high incidence nor the occurrence of posttraumatic nightmares throughout the sleep cycle can be explained by altered REM sleep parameters. The assumption that a reduction of dream recall may serve as a coping mechanism in PTSD patients is questionable. About 50% of posttraumatic dreams comprise exact replications of the traumatic events. Therefore dreams in PTSD do not have stereotypical content. Data characterizing non-replicative posttraumatic dreams and indicating a change in dream content over time must be considered preliminary. Occurrence of posttraumatic dreams is associated with psychopathological developments. Imagery Rehearsal Therapy has repeatedly been proven to be a valuable tool in treating patients suffering from posttraumatic dream disturbance. A deeper knowledge of posttraumatic dreams is essential for any theory of PTSD as well as for a better understanding of the overall function of dreaming.

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Treatment of chronic nightmares in adjudicated adolescent girls in a residential facility

Cited by 101 publications

References 27 publications

Sleep Disturbance in Pediatric PTSD: Current Findings and Future Directions

Sleep Disturbance in Pediatric PTSD: Current Findings and Future Directions

Sleep in post-traumatic stress disorder and panic: Convergence and divergence

Dreaming in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Critical Review of Phenomenology, Psychophysiology and Treatment

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