“…An unique finding of the present study was that tennis induces an asymmetric hypertrophy of iliopsoas and gluteal muscles and soccer compensates the asymmetry observed in non-active controls. It remains to be determined whether these different patterns can modify the risk of lower back pain and chronic groin pain [6] , [13] , [14] , [43] . Moreover, the low magnitude of hypertrophy of gluteal muscles observed in our soccer players could be associated to a greater risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries [22] , [44] .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A study using electromyography showed that the iliopsoas of the dominant leg (the preferred leg to kick the ball) was the most active muscle during the entire kicking motion whilst gluteus maximus was moderately active during the acceleration phase of the kicking leg and increased its activity just before ball impact [12] . Iliopsoas and gluteal muscles are also very demanded in tennis [13] , [14] . Studies using cinematography have shown that the players profit the linear momentum from the extension of the lower extremities to asymmetrically activate lower trunk muscles to produce power during tennis strokes [15] – [17] .…”
PurposeTo determine the volume and degree of asymmetry of iliopsoas (IL) and gluteal muscles (GL) in tennis and soccer players.MethodsIL and GL volumes were determined using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in male professional tennis (TP) and soccer players (SP), and in non-active control subjects (CG) (n = 8, 15 and 6, respectively).ResultsThe dominant and non-dominant IL were hypertrophied in TP (24 and 36%, respectively, P<0.05) and SP (32 and 35%, respectively, P<0.05). In TP the asymmetric hypertrophy of IL (13% greater volume in the non-dominant than in the dominant IL, P<0.01) reversed the side-to-side relationship observed in CG (4% greater volume in the dominant than in the contralateral IL, P<0.01), whilst soccer players had similar volumes in both sides (P = 0.87). The degree of side-to-side asymmetry decreased linearly from the first lumbar disc to the pubic symphysis in TP (r = −0.97, P<0.001), SP (r = −0.85, P<0.01) and CG (r = −0.76, P<0.05). The slope of the relationship was lower in SP due to a greater hypertrophy of the proximal segments of the dominant IL. Soccer and CG had similar GL volumes in both sides (P = 0.11 and P = 0.19, for the dominant and contralateral GL, respectively). GL was asymmetrically hypertrophied in TP. The non-dominant GL volume was 20% greater in TP than in CG (P<0.05), whilst TP and CG had similar dominant GL volumes (P = 0.14).ConclusionsTennis elicits an asymmetric hypertrophy of IL and reverses the normal dominant-to-non-dominant balance observed in non-active controls, while soccer is associated to a symmetric hypertrophy of IL. Gluteal muscles are asymmetrically hypertrophied in TP, while SP display a similar size to that observed in controls. It remains to be determined whether the different patterns of IL and GL hypertrophy may influence the risk of injury.
“…An unique finding of the present study was that tennis induces an asymmetric hypertrophy of iliopsoas and gluteal muscles and soccer compensates the asymmetry observed in non-active controls. It remains to be determined whether these different patterns can modify the risk of lower back pain and chronic groin pain [6] , [13] , [14] , [43] . Moreover, the low magnitude of hypertrophy of gluteal muscles observed in our soccer players could be associated to a greater risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries [22] , [44] .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A study using electromyography showed that the iliopsoas of the dominant leg (the preferred leg to kick the ball) was the most active muscle during the entire kicking motion whilst gluteus maximus was moderately active during the acceleration phase of the kicking leg and increased its activity just before ball impact [12] . Iliopsoas and gluteal muscles are also very demanded in tennis [13] , [14] . Studies using cinematography have shown that the players profit the linear momentum from the extension of the lower extremities to asymmetrically activate lower trunk muscles to produce power during tennis strokes [15] – [17] .…”
PurposeTo determine the volume and degree of asymmetry of iliopsoas (IL) and gluteal muscles (GL) in tennis and soccer players.MethodsIL and GL volumes were determined using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in male professional tennis (TP) and soccer players (SP), and in non-active control subjects (CG) (n = 8, 15 and 6, respectively).ResultsThe dominant and non-dominant IL were hypertrophied in TP (24 and 36%, respectively, P<0.05) and SP (32 and 35%, respectively, P<0.05). In TP the asymmetric hypertrophy of IL (13% greater volume in the non-dominant than in the dominant IL, P<0.01) reversed the side-to-side relationship observed in CG (4% greater volume in the dominant than in the contralateral IL, P<0.01), whilst soccer players had similar volumes in both sides (P = 0.87). The degree of side-to-side asymmetry decreased linearly from the first lumbar disc to the pubic symphysis in TP (r = −0.97, P<0.001), SP (r = −0.85, P<0.01) and CG (r = −0.76, P<0.05). The slope of the relationship was lower in SP due to a greater hypertrophy of the proximal segments of the dominant IL. Soccer and CG had similar GL volumes in both sides (P = 0.11 and P = 0.19, for the dominant and contralateral GL, respectively). GL was asymmetrically hypertrophied in TP. The non-dominant GL volume was 20% greater in TP than in CG (P<0.05), whilst TP and CG had similar dominant GL volumes (P = 0.14).ConclusionsTennis elicits an asymmetric hypertrophy of IL and reverses the normal dominant-to-non-dominant balance observed in non-active controls, while soccer is associated to a symmetric hypertrophy of IL. Gluteal muscles are asymmetrically hypertrophied in TP, while SP display a similar size to that observed in controls. It remains to be determined whether the different patterns of IL and GL hypertrophy may influence the risk of injury.
“…Examples of the use of ozone in general medicine include treatment of back pain, a condition that affects up to 80% of the world's population [11][12][13]. Dr. A. Balkanyi in Zurich is believed to have been the first to treat patients with pain caused by tendinitis and myofascial pain by injecting small amounts of ozone [14][15][16].…”
Apart from conventional treatment, dentists are increasingly relying on physical therapy modalities in their clinical practice. The aim of this literature review is to analyze the clinical relevance and potential uses of ozone in modern dentistry. The research question is geared towards detailing the multiple potential applications of ozone therapy in a range of dental specialties. Based on the available literature, accessed via the PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and EBSCO databases, a detailed search of the electronic literature was performed for 2001–2022. Eligible studies were chosen according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, using keywords: ozone, ozone therapy, therapeutic applications, oxidants, dental disinfectants, oral medicine, physical therapy in dentistry. Out of 834 manuscripts, 273 studies were curated. A total of 70 publications were used in the final consideration. After assessing their quality, they were analyzed to determine the relevance and potential use of ozone in the various aspects of modern dentistry. Ozone therapy is used mainly as an adjunct to the primary clinical or pharmacological treatment. In some cases of oral mucosal disease, it has proven effective as a primary therapy. During the literature analysis, it was noted that ozone therapy in dentistry is a subject of ongoing research, and the results are not always consistent. The multitude of studies in the literature on the applications of ozone in dentistry reflects the search for its undiscovered physical therapeutic potential.
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