Treatment of chronic hepatitis C regiments containing with recombinant interferon in patients with sustained virological response predicts risk of hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract

Given that evidence supporting chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection developed chance for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following antiviral agents therapy is controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis to examine the risk. We evaluated 20 retrospective and prospective cohort studies published up to 31 December 2017 which investigated the association between sustained virological response (SVR) and incidence of HCC patients treated with monotherapy interferon (IFN) or IFN plus ribavirin (RBV) therapy. The primary outcome of the study was the cumulative incidence of HCC. Odds ratio (OR) was used to evaluate the index of effect size for the association between SVR and treatment with IFN alone or IFN/RBV in CHC patients. SVR patients demonstrated a lower incidence of HCC compared to non-SVR patients. Non-SVR patients had greater odds of HCC incidence compared to SVR patients in the treatment of IFN plus RBV (pooled OR = 7.405, 95% CI = 4.689 to 11.694, P < .001). Non-SVR patients had greater odds of HCC incidence compared to SVR patients in the treatment of IFN monotherapy (pooled OR = 4.135, 95% CI = 3.009 to 5.682, P < .001). Lack of SVR to IFN therapy was significantly associated with greater risk of HCC incidence (pooled OR = 5.035, 95% CI = 3.915 to 6.474, P < .001). SVR could be as a predictor of HCC in CHC patients treated with IFN or IFN plus RBV, and have important implications during HCC screening, whereby patients who fail to achieve SVR need to be screened more rigorously.

An Assessment of the In Vitro Models and Clinical Trials Related to the Antimicrobial Activities of Phytochemicals

“…This drug had unpleasant side effects and was only moderately effective. The discovery of pegylated interferons, the addition of ribavirin, and antivirals were just a few of the methods that improved the overall efficacy [ 103 ]. Since 1997, a weekly infusion of PEG-IFN and ribavirin has improved the effectiveness and cure rate of the treatment [ 103 ].…”

“…The discovery of pegylated interferons, the addition of ribavirin, and antivirals were just a few of the methods that improved the overall efficacy [ 103 ]. Since 1997, a weekly infusion of PEG-IFN and ribavirin has improved the effectiveness and cure rate of the treatment [ 103 ]. With the simultaneous injection of ribavirin and PEG-IFN-alpha, a persistent virological response in 40–50% of HCV-infected people has been documented [ 103 ].…”

“…Since 1997, a weekly infusion of PEG-IFN and ribavirin has improved the effectiveness and cure rate of the treatment [ 103 ]. With the simultaneous injection of ribavirin and PEG-IFN-alpha, a persistent virological response in 40–50% of HCV-infected people has been documented [ 103 ]. Given the severe side effects of HCV medications, there is a need to find effective and tolerable medications for HCV [ 103 ].…”

“…With the simultaneous injection of ribavirin and PEG-IFN-alpha, a persistent virological response in 40–50% of HCV-infected people has been documented [ 103 ]. Given the severe side effects of HCV medications, there is a need to find effective and tolerable medications for HCV [ 103 ]. Silymarin consists of a combination of flavonolignans or phytochemicals that were extracted from the seeds and fruits of the Silybum marianum plant [ 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 ].…”

Genomic divergence of Hepatitis C virus towards common prescribed interferon regimens on sustained virologic response (SVR) ‎

“…Even though clinical symptoms occur in less than 25% of infected individuals [8]. Whereas most infections are becoming chronic, as long as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma aren't prevalent, chronic infection is either symptomless or has only faint vague and general symptoms such as fatigue, chronic hepatitis C is clinically asymptomatic (no jaundice) and is frequently acquired accidentally [9,10]. The global prevalence of Hepatitis is approximately 1.6 percent, with a viraemic rate of about 1.1 percent, affecting about 80 million global populace, and more than 71 million individuals globally have chronic Hepatitis C infection, which can lead to liver cirrhosis.…”