Treatment of antibiotic cephalexin by heterogeneous electrochemical Fenton-based processes using chalcopyrite as sustainable catalyst

Heterogeneous Electro-Fenton as “Green” Technology for Pharmaceutical Removal: A Review

“…The degradation rate classically increases as a function of catalyst loading reaching a plateau; however, additional catalyst concentration creates the negative effects decreasing removal efficiency. This is likely due to the presence of scavenging reactions between hydroxyl radicals and an excess of iron released into the bulk solution (Equations (18) and ( 19)) [15,16]:…”

“…pH of the solution represents a key role in the degradation and subsequent mineralisation of organic pollutants via heterogenous electro-Fenton process in the presence of solid catalysts [19], primarily due to catalyst surface charge and dissolution characteristics. The use of a heterogeneous catalyst allows operation at circumneutral and alkaline conditions with slow degradation efficiency noted over pH 4.5 as a result of the H 2 O 2 decomposition into H 2 O and O 2 [16]. pH variations have been associated with the continuous hydrolysis of catalyst ions such as iron and copper, leading to enhanced pollutant removal mediated by free radicals oxidation [20].…”

“…Droguett et al [16] evaluated the potential use of chalcopyrite as a heterogeneous catalyst to degrade cephalexin achieving a 94% removal of the parent compound within 30 min treatment, however, as can be seen in Table 2, only 44% mineralisation was reached after 300 min due to the emergence of recalcitrant intermediates, such as aromatic compounds and short-chain carboxylic acids, the latter leading to the formation of stable organo-iron complexes, which cannot be degraded by hydroxyl radicals. Ecotoxicological effects of these by-products of electro-Fenton treatment are often evaluated by classical toxicity studies including Vibrio fischeri (Microtox®test), Daphnia magna or Escherichia coli as model organisms used to assess the general toxicity of the effluent produced from treatment.…”

Photo-assisted electrochemical advanced oxidation processes for the disinfection of aqueous solutions: A review

“…The effectiveness of the EAOPs such as electrochemical oxidation ( Anfruns-Estrada et al., 2017 ; Bruguera-Casamada et al, 2016 , 2017 ; Candia-Onfray et al., 2018 ; Cano et al., 2016 ; Corona-Bautista et al., 2021 ; Cotillas et al, 2018 , 2020 ; Frontistis et al., 2017 ; Guitaya et al., 2015 ; Hernández-Pimentel et al., 2020 ; Herraiz-Carboné et al, 2020a , 2020b ; Medrano-Rodríguez et al., 2020 ; Mousset et al., 2018 ; Pacheco-Álvarez et al., 2019 ), electrocoagulation ( Anfruns-Estrada et al., 2017 ; Villalobos-Lara et al., 2021 ), electro-Fenton ( Campos et al., 2020 ; Droguett et al., 2020 ; Olvera-Vargas et al., 2019 ; Ren et al., 2020 ; Robles et al., 2020a ; Salazar et al., 2019 ; Thiam et al., 2020 ) and coupled EAOPs with other technologies ( Cotillas et al., 2016b ; Hashim et al., 2020 ; Jhones dos Santos et al., 2021 ; Llanos et al., 2015 ) has been proven by several research works worldwide on the inactivation of pathogens and the treatment of wastewater.…”

Study of The Performance of A Cylindrical Flow-Through Electro-Fenton Reactor Using Different Arrangements of Carbon Felt Electrodes: Degradation of Amoxicillin In Aqueous Solution

“…The performance of the electro-Fenton process has also been tested for the degradation of biorecalcitrant pollutants (Komtchou et al 2015;García-Espinoza et al 2019;Castillo-Monroy et al 2020;Droguett et al 2020;Puga et al 2021). Among them, the elimination from aquatic media of antibiotic compounds such as amoxicillin (AMX) is relevant since this a pharmaceutical compound that is widely used in human and veterinary medicine (aus der Beek et al 2016).…”