Treatment Modalities for Dementia in Down’s Syndrome: A Literature Review

Abstract

Down's syndrome (DS) is the most well-known chromosomal abnormality characterized by an extra chromosome 21 and multiple systemic issues. The higher production of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor peptide of beta-amyloid, predisposes persons with DS to early Alzheimer's disease (AD). The prevalence of dementia has increased as a function of the extended life expectancy of persons with DS. Because we know little about the treatment of dementia in persons with DS, this review focuses on the pathophysiology and management strategies to improve the overall quality of life.

Comprehensive Care for Adults with Down Syndrome in Primary Care Settings

“…31 Although the signs and symptoms of AD may present the same way in patients with and without DS, there is increased risk of delayed diagnosis in patients with DS because of their underlying intellectual disability, comorbid illnesses, diminished communication skills to elicit symptoms from them, and increased reliance on informants. 32 The GLOBAL Medical Care Guidelines for Adults with DS recommends starting cognitive screening at age 40. 7,33 Clinical history and mental status examination should be conducted along with neuropsychological test batteries developed specifically for adults with DS such as Dementia Scale for Down Syndrome, CAMDEX-DS, and Dementia Screening Questionnaire for Individuals with Intellectual Disability.…”

“…The mean age of diagnosis of AD among patients with DS is 55.8 years, with survival postdiagnosis being a shorter length compared with patients without DS diagnosed as having late-onset AD 31 . Although the signs and symptoms of AD may present the same way in patients with and without DS, there is increased risk of delayed diagnosis in patients with DS because of their underlying intellectual disability, comorbid illnesses, diminished communication skills to elicit symptoms from them, and increased reliance on informants 32 . The GLOBAL Medical Care Guidelines for Adults with DS recommends starting cognitive screening at age 40 7,33 .…”