Treatment Modalities for Acne

Abstract

Acne is a common inflammatory skin disease which affects the pilosebaceous units of the skin. It can have severe psychological effects and can leave the patient with severe skin scarring. There are four well-recognized pathological factors responsible for acne which is also the target for acne therapy. In this review, different treatment options are discussed, including topical (i.e., retinoids, and antibiotics) and systemic (i.e., retinoids, antibiotics, and hormonal) treatments. Since the general public has been showing an increasing interest in more natural and generally safer treatment options, the use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) for treating acne was also discussed. The use of physical therapies such as comedone extraction, cryoslush therapy, cryotherapy, electrocauterization, intralesional corticosteroids and optical treatments are also mentioned. Acne has been extensively researched with regards to the disease mechanism as well as treatment options. However, due to the increasing resistance of Propionibacterium acnes towards the available antibiotics, there is a need for new treatment methods. Additionally, the lack of necessary evidence on the efficacy of CAM therapies makes it necessary for researchers to investigate these treatment options further.

Characterisation of Cutibacterium acnes phylotypes in acne and in vivo exploratory evaluation of Myrtacine®

“…41 Indeed, in the last decade, bacteria resistance to antibiotics, macrolides and tetracyclines, 42,43 but also rifampicin, 44 has dramatically increased, leading to a renewed interest in nonantibiotic treatments. 45 We have also observed an improvement of acne lesions, with a 42% and 19% reduction in the score of inflammatory and retentional lesions, respectively, at D56. However, a limitation of this study lies in its open design and these results would need to be reproduced in a larger placebo-controlled study.…”

Effect of Doxycycline in Autologous Serum to Improvement Clinical Manifestation of Acne Vulgaris

“…Increased sebum production are directly related to the incidence of severity of acne lesions. [10] The hormone estrogen has a mechanism of opposition to androgens in sebaceous glands. In autologous serum one ingredient is a hormone estrogen.…”

“…[10] Keratinocytes in normal follicle cells are always present in a single lumen issued. In patients with acne vulgaris, keratinocyte hyperproliferation buildup resulted in desquamation of corneocytes abnormal sebaceous follicles along with lipid and monofilament, phenomenon this which produces comedogenesis.…”

“…The treatment takes 3-6 weeks. [10] The study by Edison et al (2016) on the use of autologous serum containing high levels of estradiol treatment AV results occurred obtain clinical improvement and reduction in sebum after topical autologous serum. [25] Research conducted by Ilham 2011 using rats were divided into 5 groups were treated using eye drops autologous serum with various concentrations has an antibacterial effect because it contains some agents antibacterial include immunoglobulins, lysozyme and complement causes lysis of the bacteria and provide bacteriostatic, whereas anti-inflammatory effect of autologous serum based on the factors epiteliotrofik (epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor B, fibrinogen and vitamin A) and neutrophilic (substance P, Nerve growth factor) which contain in the serum.…”

Effects of Blue Light Emitting Diode (Led) and Doxycycline to Sebaceous Gland in Acne Vulgaris

“…(2) The clogging of the pore is aggravated by hyperkeratinization and excess sebum production whilst anaerobic bacteria (mainly P. acnes) proliferate and inflammatory mediators are released. (3) Inflammatory infiltrates cause the development of increasing degrees of severity in inflammatory acne forms (Fox et al 2016).…”