Treatment-induced mucositis in oncology

Jasiewicz, Francis; Qurban, Zeeshan; Hughes, Christopher D.

doi:10.12968/hmed.2022.0324

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, the most comprehensive example to understand the toxic effects induced by certain microbial regimes is that related to chemotherapy-induced mucositis. Mucositis is a complication of various oncological therapies, such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy [ 32 ]. It is characterized by highly debilitating symptoms, such as nausea, abdominal cramps, bloating, and especially high-grade diarrhea [ 33 ].…”

Section: The Action Of the Microbiota And Butyrate On Oncological The...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Particularly Butyrate, in Oncological Immunotherapy with Checkpoint Inhibitors: The Effectiveness of Complementary Treatment with Clostridium butyricum 588

Cazzaniga,

Cardinali,

Di Pierro

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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The discovery of immune checkpoints (CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1) and their impact on the prognosis of oncological diseases have paved the way for the development of revolutionary oncological treatments. These treatments do not combat tumors with drugs “against” cancer cells but rather support and enhance the ability of the immune system to respond directly to tumor growth by attacking the cancer cells with lymphocytes. It has now been widely demonstrated that the presence of an adequate immune response, essentially represented by the number of TILs (tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes) present in the tumor mass decisively influences the response to treatments and the prognosis of the disease. Therefore, immunotherapy is based on and cannot be carried out without the ability to increase the presence of lymphocytic cells at the tumor site, thereby limiting and nullifying certain tumor evasion mechanisms, particularly those expressed by the activity (under positive physiological conditions) of checkpoints that restrain the response against transformed cells. Immunotherapy has been in the experimental phase for decades, and its excellent results have made it a cornerstone of treatments for many oncological pathologies, especially when combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Despite these successes, a significant number of patients (approximately 50%) do not respond to treatment or develop resistance early on. The microbiota, its composition, and our ability to modulate it can have a positive impact on oncological treatments, reducing side effects and increasing sensitivity and effectiveness. Numerous studies published in high-ranking journals confirm that a certain microbial balance, particularly the presence of bacteria capable of producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially butyrate, is essential not only for reducing the side effects of chemoradiotherapy treatments but also for a better response to immune treatments and, therefore, a better prognosis. This opens up the possibility that favorable modulation of the microbiota could become an essential complementary treatment to standard oncological therapies. This brief review aims to highlight the key aspects of using precision probiotics, such as Clostridium butyricum, that produce butyrate to improve the response to immune checkpoint treatments and, thus, the prognosis of oncological diseases.

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Section: The Action Of the Microbiota And Butyrate On Oncological The...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Particularly Butyrate, in Oncological Immunotherapy with Checkpoint Inhibitors: The Effectiveness of Complementary Treatment with Clostridium butyricum 588

Cazzaniga,

Cardinali,

Di Pierro

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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“…With regard to chemotherapy-induced mucositis, the example just described concerning Irinotecan and its relationship with bacterial activities such as beta-glucuronidase production represents only one of the links between the microbiota and the appearance or reduction of this fundamental side effect, perhaps the main factor responsible for decreased compliance and consequent therapeutic failure. Mucositis is a complication of various cancer therapies such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy [ 23 ]. It is characterized by very disabling symptoms such as presence of nausea, abdominal cramps, swelling, and above all diarrhea, even to a high degree [ 24 ].…”

Section: Impact Of Microbiota On the Toxicity Of Chemotherapy Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the microbiota on the effectiveness and toxicity of oncological therapies, with a focus on chemotherapy

Cazzaniga¹,

Zonzini²,

Pierro

et al. 2023

Pathol. Oncol. Res.

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Recent studies have highlighted a possible correlation between microbiota composition and the pathogenesis of various oncological diseases. Also, many bacterial groups are now directly or indirectly associated with the capability of stimulating or inhibiting carcinogenic pathways. However, little is known about the importance and impact of microbiota patterns related to the efficacy and toxicity of cancer treatments. We have recently begun to understand how oncological therapies and the microbiota are closely interconnected and could influence each other. Chemotherapy effectiveness, for example, appears to be strongly influenced by the presence of some microorganisms capable of modulating the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the compounds used, thus varying the real response and therefore the efficacy of the oncological treatment. Similarly, chemotherapeutic agents can modulate the microbiota with variations that could facilitate or avoid the onset of important side effects. This finding has or could have considerable relevance as it is possible that our ability to modulate and modify the microbial structure before, during, and after treatment could influence all the clinical parameters related to pharmacological treatments and, eventually, the prognosis of the disease.

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Treatment-induced mucositis in oncology

Cited by 2 publications

References 25 publications

The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Particularly Butyrate, in Oncological Immunotherapy with Checkpoint Inhibitors: The Effectiveness of Complementary Treatment with Clostridium butyricum 588

The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Particularly Butyrate, in Oncological Immunotherapy with Checkpoint Inhibitors: The Effectiveness of Complementary Treatment with Clostridium butyricum 588

Influence of the microbiota on the effectiveness and toxicity of oncological therapies, with a focus on chemotherapy

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