Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS): Rationale, Design, and Methods

March, John S.; Silva, Sílvia Agostinho da; Petrycki, Stephen; Curry, John F.; Wells, Karen C.; Fairbank, John A.; Burns, Barbara J.; Domino, Marisa Elena; Vitiello, Benedetto; Severe, Joanne B.; Casat, Charles D.; Kolker, Jeanette; Feeny, Norah C.; Findling, Robert L.; Stull, Sheridan; Baab, Susan; Waslick, Bruce; Sweeney, Michael; Kentgen, Lisa M.; Kandel, Rachel; Walkup, John T.; Ginsburg, Golda S.; Kastelik, Elizabeth; Koo, H.; Kratochvil, Christopher J.; May, Diane E.; LaGrone, Randy; Harrington, Martin; Albano, Anne Marie; Hirsch, Glenn S.; Knibbs, Tracey; Capili, Emlyn; Reinecke, Mark A.; Leventhal, Bennett L.; Nageotte, Catherine; Rogers, Gregory M.; Pathak, Sanjeev; Sallee, Floyd R.; Cottingham, Elizabeth; Wells, Jennifer; Rohde, Paul; Simons, Anne D.; Grimm, James W.; Hadjiyannakis, Katholiki; Weller, Elizabeth B.; Robins, Michele; Weller, Ronald A.; Jessani, Naushad; Emslie, Graham J.; Kennard, Beth; Hughes, Carroll W.; Ruberu, Maryse; Benazon, Nili R.; Rosenberg, David; Butkus, Michael; Bartoi, Marla; Clarke, Greg; Brent, David A.; Koch, Gary G.

doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000046839.90931.0d

Cited by 154 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…When this person provided access to multiple data sets, we use the study title as well. Contributors included the following: Cole (Cole et al, in press), Compas and Forehand (Compas et al, 2010; Compas et al, 2009), Curry (TADS, 2003, 2005), Findling (Findling et al, 2005; Youngstrom et al, 2004a; Youngstrom et al, 2005), Garber (Garber et al, 2009; Garber, Keiley, & Martin, 2002; Garber & Robinson, 1997; Garber, Weiss, & Shanley, 1993), Goodyer (Goodyer et al, 2007, 2008), Hyde and Essex (Essex et al, 2006; Essex et al, 2009; Grabe, Hyde, & Lindberg, 2007), Rohde (N. Kaufman, Rohde, Seeley, Clarke, & Stice, 2005; Rohde, Clarke, Mace, Jorgensen, & Seeley, 2004; Rohde, Seeley, Kaufman, Clarke, & Stice, 2006), Stark (Fisher, 2010), Weissman (Pilowsky et al, 2008; Weissman, Pilowsky, & Wickramaratne, 2006), and Youngstrom (Findling et al, 2005; Youngstrom et al, 2004a, 2004b; Youngstrom et al, 2005). Key characteristics of the data sets appear in Table 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and measurement of depression in youths: Applying item response theory to clinical data.

Cole

Cai

Martin

et al. 2011

Psychological Assessment

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Goals of the paper were to use item response theory (IRT) to assess the relation of depressive symptoms to the underlying dimension of depression and to demonstrate how IRT-based measurement strategies can yield more reliable data about depression severity than conventional symptom counts. Participants were 3403 clinic and nonclinic children and adolescents from 12 contributing samples, all of whom received the Kiddie Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for school-aged children. Results revealed that some symptoms reflected higher levels of depression and were more discriminating than others. Results further demonstrated that utilization of IRT-based information about symptom severity and discriminability in the measurement of depression severity can reduce measurement error and increase measurement fidelity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and measurement of depression in youths: Applying item response theory to clinical data.

Cole

Cai

Martin

et al. 2011

Psychological Assessment

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“…In spite of the findings that low IQ is a risk factor for mental health disorders [6-10], most intervention studies use IQ < 80 as an exclusion criterion [44-46]. In a psychodynamic psychotherapy study on child internalizing disorders, the cut off for exclusion was as high as IQ < 90 [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IQ as a moderator of outcome in severity of children’s mental health status after treatment in outpatient clinics

Mathiassen

Brøndbo

Waterloo

et al. 2012

Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health

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BackgroundPsychotherapy is an effective treatment for mental health disorders, but even with the most efficacious treatment, many patients do not experience improvement. Moderator analysis can identify the conditions under which treatment is effective or whether there are factors that can attenuate the effects of treatment.MethodsIn this study, linear mixed model analysis was used to examine whether the Full Scale IQ (FSIQ), Performance IQ (PIQ) and Verbal IQ (VIQ) on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Third Edition, moderated outcomes in general functioning and symptom load. A total of 132 patients treated at three outpatient child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) were assessed at three different time points. The Children’s Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) and the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents (HoNOSCA) were used to measure the severity of impairments in general functioning and symptom load. IQ was assessed at the start of treatment.ResultsModerator analysis revealed that the FSIQ × time interaction predicted changes in CGAS scores (p < .01), and that the PIQ × time interaction predicted changes in HoNOSCA scores (p < .05). The slopes and intercepts in HoNOSCA scores covaried negatively and significantly (p < .05). The same pattern was not detected for the CGAS scores (p = .08).ConclusionsFISQ and PIQ moderated change in general functioning and symptom load, respectively. This implies that patients with higher IQ scores had a steeper improvement slope than those with lower scores. The patients with the highest initial symptom loads showed the greatest improvement, this pattern was not found in the improvement of general functioning.

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“…In the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS), for example, flexible doses of a single agent (fluoxetine) were slowly increased and limited to a maximum 40 mg/day throughout the first 12 weeks of study 96–98. Clinicians were permitted to maintain doses below this maximum in the presence of persisting mild-to-moderate depressive illness 98.…”

Section: Literature Review and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achieving adolescent adherence to treatment of major depression

Staton¹

2010

AHMT

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When treatments are ordered for adolescent major depression, or for other adolescent medical illnesses, adherence and clinical outcomes are likely to be unsatisfactory, unless 4 basic principles of the medical treatment of adolescent illness are implemented. These comprise providing effective patient and parent/caregiver education, establishing effective patient and caregiver therapeutic alliances, providing effective treatment, and managing other factors associated with treatment adherence as indicated. The goals of treatment are to achieve the earliest possible response and remission. Failure to treat adolescent major depression successfully has potentially serious consequences, including worsened adherence, long-term morbidity, and suicide attempt. Accordingly, prescribed treatment must be aggressively managed. Doses of an antidepressant medication should be increased as rapidly as can be tolerated, preferably every 1–2 weeks, until full remission is achieved or such dosing is limited by the emergence of unacceptable adverse effects. A full range of medication treatment options must be employed if necessary. Treatment adherence, occurrence of problematic adverse effects, clinical progress, and safety must be systematically monitored. Adolescents with major depression must be assessed for risk of harm to self or others. When this risk appears significant, likelihood of successful outcomes will be enhanced by use of treatment plans that comprehensively address factors associated with treatment nonadherence. Abbreviated and comprehensive plans for the treatment of potentially fatal adolescent illnesses are outlined in this review.

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Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS): Rationale, Design, and Methods

Cited by 154 publications

References 23 publications

Structure and measurement of depression in youths: Applying item response theory to clinical data.

Structure and measurement of depression in youths: Applying item response theory to clinical data.

IQ as a moderator of outcome in severity of children’s mental health status after treatment in outpatient clinics

Achieving adolescent adherence to treatment of major depression

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