Treatment failures of cefotaxime and latamoxef in meningitis caused by <i>Enterobacter</i> and <i>Serratia spp</i>.

Eng, Robert H. K.; Cherubin, Charles E.; Péchère, Jean-Claude; Beam, Thomas R.

doi:10.1093/jac/20.6.903

Cited by 26 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…cefotaxime initially inhibited growth, but after 6 h, the organisms grew and were found to be resistant to cefotaxime. This is in agreement with our earlier observation of Enterobacter meningeal isolates and the newer cephalosporins [4], Effect o f Divalent Cations. Magnesium chloride is very soluble in water and high concentrations could be attained.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Conditions Affecting the Results of Susceptibility Testing for the Quinolone Compounds

Smith¹,

Eng

Cherubin

1988

Chemotherapy

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The quinolone class of compounds was studied for conditions which might affect susceptibility results. These compounds included amifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, di-floxacin, enoxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and RO 23–6240. Ciprofloxacin, a representative quinolone, was found to have rapid bactericidal activity, equivalent to that of gen-tamicin, in contrast to the slower activity of a cephalosporin, cefotaxime. Test conditions that might affect susceptibility test results included divalent magnesium and calcium cation concentrations and pH. For strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteriaceae, and enterococcus, the effects were not large. A pH of 5.0 in general increased the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for the organisms against most carboxy-quinolones, up to 8-fold, as compared to that at pH 7.4. In comparison, a similar lowering of pH caused an increased in MIC of 32-fold for gentamicin and no change for cefotaxime. Increasing the concentrations of divalent cations increased the MICs on the average of only 4-fold. Of the quinolones, difloxacin was the least affected by change in concentration of divalent cations and by pH. Such changes are not expected to greatly affect the efficacy of therapy of those members of Enterobacteriaceae which have MICs much less than 0.1 μg/ml, but might diminish therapeutic efficacy for those organisms such as Streptococcus aureus with MICs of 1.0 μg/ml or higher.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Conditions Affecting the Results of Susceptibility Testing for the Quinolone Compounds

Smith¹,

Eng

Cherubin

1988

Chemotherapy

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, the killing rate (KR), determined in vitro by time-kill curves, might predict the bacteriological outcome of a treatment better than MIC or MBC. This point was underlined in a clinical study (9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

Single daily dosing of antibiotics: importance of in vitro killing rate, serum half-life, and protein binding

Potel

Chau

Pangon

et al. 1991

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The relative importance of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters for the feasibility of a single daily dose (SDD) of antibiotics remains to be established. Therefore, we studied the relationship between in vitro bacteriological parameters (MIC, MBC, and killing rate [KR], defined as the reduction in the inoculum within 3 h), pharmacokinetic parameters (t1/2 and protein binding [PB]), and the in vivo antibacterial effect of a single antibiotic dose in an experimental rabbit model of Escherichia coli endocarditis. Nine antibiotics were investigated: two aminoglycosides, two quinolones, and five I-lactams. For each drug, the minimal effective dose (MED) (in milligrams per kilogram) was defined as the lowest dose able to achieve a significant difference (P < 0.05) of CFU in the vegetations in comparison with controls 24 h after a single intravenous injection.Aminoglycosides and quinolones had the lowest MEDs, followed by ,-lactams. Univariate regression analysis showed that KR was the major determinant of MED. A stepwise regression analysis showed that t1/2 significantly improved the predictive value of KR, while PB, MIC, and MBC did not. The final equation was MED = 1,586 -238 KR -27 t1/2 (r = 0.90, P = 0.01). We concluded that the pharmacodynamic parameters (especially the high KR) of aminoglycosides and quinolones explained their low MEDs and might allow SDD.In contrast, the low KR of P-lactams emphasized the critical importance of a long 412, as for ceftriaxone, allowing the use of this ,I-lactam alone in SDD.Single daily dosing of antibiotics appears to be a promising way to lighten therapy, reducing the work load for the nursing staff and inconvenience for the patient. For some drugs, such as aminoglycosides, efficacy and tolerance of single daily dosing have been demonstrated in different animal models (1,11,18) and in humans (20,21,28), despite their very short half-lives. This indicates that factors other than kinetic parameters play a major role in vivo in the feasibility of single daily doses. These factors include pharmacodynamic parameters, such as the dose-effect relationship (12,19), and the presence of a postantibiotic effect (16). The conclusions of different studies suggest that some antibiotics, for example ,B-lactams, are mainly time-dependent, i.e., those with short half-lives are probably not suitable for single daily dosing (23), whereas others, such as aminoglycosides, are mainly concentration-dependent, i.e., single daily dosing is more effective than the same daily dose given in multiple injections (13). Thus, it appears that pharmacokinetic parameters, such as t1,2, do not have the same influence on dosing interval, depending upon the antibiotic's bactericidal activity (i.e., time-dependent or concentrationdependent antibacterial activity). Furthermore, the killing rate (KR), determined in vitro by time-kill curves, might predict the bacteriological outcome of a treatment better than MIC or MBC. This point was underlined in a clinical study (9).The aim of this study was to identif...

show abstract

“…To a large extent the patient is dependent on the bactericidal activities of antibiotics to eradicate the causal organisms [32]. The outcome with standard therapies has been very poor and optimal antibiotic therapy of E. sakazakii meningitis has yet to be determined.…”

Section: An Tibiogramsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and genotypic typing of food and clinical isolates of Enterobacter sakazakii

Nazarowec-White

Farber

1999

Journal of Medical Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Enterobacter sakazakii, designated a unique species in 1980, has been implicated as the causative organism in a rare but severe form of neonatal meningitis. Dried infant formula milk has been identified as a potential source of the organism. E. sakazakii isolates from dried infant formula available in Canada and clinical isolates obtained from Canadian hospital culture collections were characterised by phenotypic (biotype and antibiograms) and genotypic (ribotyping, random amplification of polymorphic DNA and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) methods. Three biotypes and four antibiogram patterns were observed in the 18 isolates examined. Ribotyping with the Dupont RiboprinterTM microbial identification system divided the 18 isolates into 10 ribotypes. Three isolates from the same hospital had indistinguishable ribotyping patterns although each was isolated in a different year, as did three food isolates from one company. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles indicated minor differences between the isolates that were indistinguishable by ribotyping. PFGE (with the restriction endonucleases Xbal and Spel) and RAPD gave discrete patterns that enabled easy comparison of E. sakazakii isolates, with a high degree of discrimination. The discriminatory index showed RAPD and PFGE were shown to be the most discriminatory typing schemes for E. sakazakii, followed by ribotyping, biotyping and antibiograms.

show abstract

Treatment failures of cefotaxime and latamoxef in meningitis caused by Enterobacter and Serratia spp.

Cited by 26 publications

References 6 publications

Conditions Affecting the Results of Susceptibility Testing for the Quinolone Compounds

Conditions Affecting the Results of Susceptibility Testing for the Quinolone Compounds

Single daily dosing of antibiotics: importance of in vitro killing rate, serum half-life, and protein binding

Phenotypic and genotypic typing of food and clinical isolates of Enterobacter sakazakii

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About