Treatment efficacy of Thunbergia laurifolia, Curcuma longa, Garcinia mangostana, and Andrographis paniculata extracts in Staphylococcus aureus-induced rabbit dermatitis model

Abstract

Background and Aim: Dermatitis is a soft-tissue infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The recurrence of inflammatory skin is linked to clinical manifestations. Anti-inflammatory cytokines, which are essential for tissue damage, are released by bacteria through skin tissues. Oxidative stress causes inflammatory cells to necrotize and reduces their antioxidant profile, resulting in toxic damage to surrounding tissues. Although studies on the antibacterial effects of Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl., Curcuma longa L., Garcinia mangostana L., and Andrographis paniculata (Burm.). Bacterial infection of S. aureus have been conducted, most of these studies have been in vitro and were not related to the rabbit model. In addition, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant studies need to be evaluated. Thus, this study aims to compare the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of four local herbs with a standard antibiotic in S. aureus-induced rabbit dermatitis model. Materials and Methods: The skin of New Zealand white rabbits were artificially wounded using a sterile blade and then infected with S. aureus. The rabbits were divided into seven groups, each with three rabbits (Total 21 rabbits): The first group was the no infection group (no infection and no treatment with scarification), the second group was the no treatment group (S. aureus infection of the wound but no treatment), and the other five treated groups were T. laurifolia, C. longa, G. mangostana, A. paniculata, and bacitracin cream, all of which involved wound infection and treatments. The treatment lasted for 7 days. The antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties after treatment were measured. Results: The efficacy of T. laurifolia, C. longa, G. mangostana, and A. paniculata was similar to that of an antioxidant and free radical scavenging property. The bacterial infection process gradually reduced the activities of antioxidant systems (i.e., enzymatic levels and gene expressions) and total glutathione. However, the activities of the antioxidant system were steadily increased when treated with herbal extracts. During bacterial invasion of the skin, the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive molecules, the level of lipid peroxidation, and the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine genes were increased. All these were decreased when herbal extracts were used to treat the lesion. Conclusion: It can be concluded that T. laurifolia, C. longa, G. mangostana, and A. paniculata extract have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties and are effective antibacterial agents. G. mangostana is the most effective herbal extract for antidermatitis and has the potential to be used as an alternative topical treatment.

Influence of goat management systems on hematological, oxidative stress profiles, and parasitic gastrointestinal infection

“…Comparative metrics between the supernatant and the SOD standard were based on the degree of formazan inhibition. The level of SOD activity was determined by the degree of inhibition of formazan formation [ 13 , 14 ].…”

The effects of mulberry (Morus alba Linn.) leaf supplementation on growth performance, blood parameter, and antioxidant status of broiler chickens under high stocking density

“…The reaction mixture was centrifuged at 1900× g for 15 min. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was measured using the supernatant [21,22].…”

“…The GSH content was calculated by subtracting the total GSH content from the GSSG, that is, a comparison of 4-vinyl pyridine (4-VP) incubation with an aliquot of the sample supernatant and the GSSG standard incubation at room temperature (25℃) for 60 min. The procedure for determining the GSSG content was similar to that for determining the GSH content [22,23].…”

“…For 15 min, the samples were boiled. The TBA reactive species (or TBARS) were measured using a spectrofluorometer with an emission wavelength of 551 nm and an excitation wavelength of 528 nm [22].…”

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How to cite this article: So-In C and Sunthamala N (2022) The effects of mulberry (Morus alba Linn.) leaf supplementation on growth performance, blood parameter, and antioxidant status of broiler chickens under high stocking density,

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