Treatment and long‐term follow‐up of distichiasis, with special reference to the Friesian horse: A case series

Hermans, Hanneke; Ensink, J. M.

doi:10.1111/evj.12157

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…1 4 8 Reinstein et al 9 report depigmentation resolves with time following transconjunctival electrocautery to remove distichiasis. 8 Follow-up of cases in part 2 of this study revealed that depigmentation remained in five dogs; however, this was thought to be cosmetic and not causing any clinical signs of ocular discomfort. Another reported disadvantage of electroepilation is focal destruction of the meibomian gland.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

A description of blend electrolysis for treatment of canine distichiasis: 78 cases (2012–2017)

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveTo describe a population of dogs treated with blend electrolysis for distichiasis at The Royal Veterinary College and report the complications seen.MethodsIn part 1, records were reviewed from 2012 to 2017 and a population of 78 dogs with distichiasis treated using blend electrolysis (Sterex SX-B blend epilator) analysed. In part 2, 18 dogs treated with blend electrolysis were re-examined prospectively by a diplomate of the European College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists (ECVO).ResultsIn part 1, brachycephalic breeds accounted for 62 per cent. English bulldog was the most common breed (42 per cent). In this population, 88 per cent of dogs were successfully treated with one treatment of electrolysis (successful treatment defined as resolution of clinical signs). Forty-five dogs had recurrent distichia on follow-up, mostly fine distichia without clinical discomfort. Twelve per cent required repeat electrolysis. Complications were infrequent: five dogs had scarring or hypopigmentation of the eyelid margin. In part 2, 18 dogs were re-examined. Ten had distichia recurrence, six had eyelid scarring and five had depigmentation associated with electrolysis. Two dogs had occasional clinical signs thought to be related to distichiasis. All owners perceived their dogs’ ocular comfort to be improved following blend electrolysis.ConclusionsBrachycephalic breeds, most notably English bulldogs, are over-represented in this population. Blend electrolysis appears an effective treatment for resolution of clinical signs.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

A description of blend electrolysis for treatment of canine distichiasis: 78 cases (2012–2017)

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Utter and Wotman [11] describe distichiasis causing recurrent corneal ulceration in two Friesian horses located in the United States. In a retrospective analysis, Hermans and Ensink [12] reported a high rate of recurrence despite treatment, particularly when individuals had five or more aberrant lashes, and that all cases presented with irritation or ulceration [12]. The number of Friesian cases presented in these two reports suggests a genetic basis for distichiasis in this breed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Meibomian glands affected with distichiae are structurally abnormal based on meibography [6]. While distichiae can be shorter, thinner and less pigmented than normal eyelashes [8], they can also be thick and stiff and thus capable of causing tearing, corneal irritation, keratitis, and corneal erosions or ulcers, which can impact ocular comfort and vision, and may lead to secondary infection [5,[10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Whole genome sequencing identified a 16 kilobase deletion on ECA13 associated with distichiasis in Friesian horses

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Distichiasis, an ocular disorder in which aberrant cilia (eyelashes) grow from the opening of the Meibomian glands of the eyelid, has been reported in Friesian horses. These misplaced cilia can cause discomfort, chronic keratitis, and corneal ulceration, potentially impacting vision due to corneal fibrosis, or, if secondary infection occurs, may lead to loss of the eye. Friesian horses represent the vast majority of reported cases of equine distichiasis, and as the breed is known to be affected with inherited monogenic disorders, this condition was hypothesized to be a simply inherited Mendelian trait. Results A genome wide association study (GWAS) was performed using the Axiom 670 k Equine Genotyping array (MNEc670k) utilizing 14 cases and 38 controls phenotyped for distichiasis. An additive single locus mixed linear model (EMMAX) approach identified a 1.83 Mb locus on ECA5 and a 1.34 Mb locus on ECA13 that reached genome-wide significance (pcorrected = 0.016 and 0.032, respectively). Only the locus on ECA13 withstood replication testing (p = 1.6 × 10− 5, cases: n = 5 and controls: n = 37). A 371 kb run of homozygosity (ROH) on ECA13 was found in 13 of the 14 cases, providing evidence for a recessive mode of inheritance. Haplotype analysis (hapQTL) narrowed the region of association on ECA13 to 163 kb. Whole-genome sequencing data from 3 cases and 2 controls identified a 16 kb deletion within the ECA13 associated haplotype (ECA13:g.178714_195130del). Functional annotation data supports a tissue-specific regulatory role of this locus. This deletion was associated with distichiasis, as 18 of the 19 cases were homozygous (p = 4.8 × 10− 13). Genotyping the deletion in 955 horses from 54 different breeds identified the deletion in only 11 non-Friesians, all of which were carriers, suggesting that this could be causal for this Friesian disorder. Conclusions This study identified a 16 kb deletion on ECA13 in an intergenic region that was associated with distichiasis in Friesian horses. Further functional analysis in relevant tissues from cases and controls will help to clarify the precise role of this deletion in normal and abnormal eyelash development and investigate the hypothesis of incomplete penetrance.

show abstract

“…[ 14 ] Distichiasis is uncommonly observed in horses, cats, and ferrets. [ 15 16 ] In contrast to the distichiasis seen in humans, which can be acquired, distichiasis in animals is usually congenital. Its inheritance is presumed to be autosomal dominant; however, it has not been formally proven.…”

Section: Distichiasis In Animal Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distichiasis: An update on etiology, treatment and outcomes

Singh

2022

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Distichiasis, an extra row of eyelashes emerging from meibomian gland orifices, occurs due to the metaplastic transition of sebaceous glands into the pilosebaceous unit. It can present congenitally, such as in lymphedema distichiasis syndrome, or secondary to acquired conditions, such as cicatrizing conjunctivitis, trachoma. This review summarizes the etiology of distichiasis, its presentation, the evolution of various surgical techniques, and their outcomes in human and animal eyes. The published literature has focused on the different treatment modalities and their outcomes; the etiopathogenesis of this condition remains elusive. Truncating mutations (missense, frameshift, and nonsense) in the Forkhead family gene FOXC2 are involved in the distichiasis–lymphedema syndrome. The treatment options are no different for congenital versus acquired distichiasis, with no specific available algorithms. Acquired distichiasis in cicatrizing ocular surface diseases is difficult to manage, and existing treatment options offer success rates of 50%–60%. The outcomes of electroepilation or direct cryotherapy are not as good as surgical excision of distichiatic lashes after splitting the anterior and posterior lamella under direct visualization. The marginal tarsectomy with or without free tarsoconjunctival graft has shown good results in eyes with congenital and acquired distichiasis. The details of differences between normal and distichiatic lash, depth, or course of distichiatic eyelashes remain largely unknown. Studies exploring the distichiatic eyelash depth might improve the outcomes of blind procedures such as cryotherapy or radiofrequency-assisted epilation.

show abstract

Treatment and long‐term follow‐up of distichiasis, with special reference to the Friesian horse: A case series

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

A description of blend electrolysis for treatment of canine distichiasis: 78 cases (2012–2017)

A description of blend electrolysis for treatment of canine distichiasis: 78 cases (2012–2017)

Whole genome sequencing identified a 16 kilobase deletion on ECA13 associated with distichiasis in Friesian horses

Distichiasis: An update on etiology, treatment and outcomes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About