Treatment alternatives for invasive bladder cancer

Abstract

Radical cystectomy remains the gold standard in the treatment of patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer. However, the specter of high failure rates coupled with morbid treatment methods has caused urologists, oncologists, and radiotherapists to explore modifications in, and alternatives to, the traditional treatments for invasive bladder cancer. The identification of the active methotrexate-platinum-based combination chemotherapy regimens heralds a new era in our ability to treat advanced disease effectively. Patients with less extensive muscle invasive tumors may be efficiaciously treated using conservative surgical excision, either alone or in combination with adjunctive treatments. In addition, definitive radiation therapy, given via the interstitial route or in combination with radiosensitizers, may result in long-term survival and preservation of bladder function. Progress has been made on multiple fronts in our ability to improve overall survival rates while allowing for the preservation of bladder function. The ability of these new mixed multimodality treatment initiatives to produce viable statistics equal to that of radical exenteration is an important landmark on the route towards an ideal treatment for invasive bladder cancer.

Bladder-Sparing Treatment of Invasive Bladder Cancer

“…Of the remaining 75% who initially present with superficial disease, 10%-15% will progress to invasive disease. 1 treatments to radical cystectomy, alone or in combination, have been tried. 4 We review the alternatives to radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer in terms of organ preservation and survival, and we compare these results with the most recent data on radical cystectomy.…”