Treatise Online, no. 16, Part T, Revised, Volume 1, Chapter 19: Paleoecology of pelagic crinoids

Heß, Hans

doi:10.17161/to.v0i0.4086

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The mode of life of Roveacrinida has attracted controversy, with one school of thought favouring a benthic lifestyle for most if not all taxa (Milsom , ), and another (Schneider ; Hess & Etter ; Hess , ) suggesting a planktonic–nektonic existence (see useful summary by Jagt ). Here, I only discuss the predominantly Campanian material described in the present paper.…”

Section: Mode Of Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

Roveacrinida (Crinoidea,Articulata) from theSantonian–Maastrichtian (UpperCretaceous) ofEngland, theUS GulfCoast (Texas,Mississippi) and southernSweden

Gale

2016

Papers in Palaeontology

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Abundant new material of Roveacrinida from the upper Santonian and lower Campanian chalk of southern England, the lower Campanian Taylor Formation of Texas, the Maastrichtian Prairie Bluff Formation of Mississippi and the lower Campanian rocky shoreline deposits of Ivö Klack, southern Sweden is described. The Saccocomidae, subfamily Saccocominae, are represented by Costatocrinus gen. nov., with included species C. brydonei sp. nov. (type species) and C. mortimorei sp. nov. The Saccocomidae, subfamily Applinocrininae, genus Applinocrinus, includes A. cretaceus (Bather), A. texanus Peck and A. russelli sp. nov. Sagittacrinus gen. nov. (type species: S. torpedo sp. nov.) is represented only by highly distinctive primibrachials. The ‘ventral cover plates’ of Applinocrininae are re‐interpreted as modified brachials. Roveacrinidae (Roveacrininae) is represented by Roveacrinus communis Douglas, R. bairstowi Peck and Jakeocrinus gen. nov. (type species: J. ellisensis sp. nov.). A new subfamily, Hessicrininae, characterized particularly by skeletal reduction through the development of fenestrae and foramina, and many with long processes from radials and basals, is established for Platelicrinus Destombes & Breton, Lucernacrinus gen. nov. (type species: L. woodi sp. nov.), Hessicrinus gen. nov. (type species: H. filigree sp. nov.; also H. scalaensis sp. nov.), Stellacrinus gen. nov. (type species: S. hugesae sp. nov.; and forma cristatus nov.), S. pannosus sp. nov., and the aberrant Cultellacrinus gen. nov., which lacks arms (type species: C. gladius sp. nov.). The Santonian–Maastrichtian roveacrinids represent a fourth and final radiation of the family. Cladistic analysis of the Hessicrininae subfam. nov. supports the monophyly of the subfamily, and indicates that the most derived taxa are Stellacrinus gen. nov. and Cultellacrinus gen. nov. From adaptive morphological data, patterns of distribution and palaeoenvironmental information, it is concluded that these crinoids lived as mesoplankton. The short ranges and wide geographical distribution offer considerable biostratigraphical potential.

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Section: Mode Of Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

Roveacrinida (Crinoidea,Articulata) from theSantonian–Maastrichtian (UpperCretaceous) ofEngland, theUS GulfCoast (Texas,Mississippi) and southernSweden

Gale

2016

Papers in Palaeontology

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“…2006; Hagdorn et al . 2007; Hess 2010; Baumiller & Janevski 2011; Hagdorn & Wang 2015). The earliest freely planktonic echinoderms also first occur during the Mesozoic with the roveacrinids mentioned above.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological novelty at the start of the Cambrian and Ordovician radiations of echinoderms

Novack‐Gottshall,

Purcell,

Sultan

et al. 2024

Palaeontology

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The Cambrian and Ordovician radiations marked the origins of all major echinoderm clades and established their Phanerozoic ecological blueprint. Recent claims of modest innovation of early echinoderms and other animals suggest constraints on novelty during the origins of phyla. Here, we document the life‐habit richness, body size, tiering, habitat usage, mobility, diet and foraging habits of 366 Cambrian–Ordovician echinoderm genera across a time‐scaled phylogeny to identify the timing and impact of novelty. Most early echinoderms were sedentary, filter‐feeding microbivores, and their body sizes, diets and modes of locomotion were largely unchanged through time, despite major volatility in taxonomic composition. Cambrian echinoderms lived close to the seafloor, with stylophorans first evolving semi‐infaunality. Many Ordovician echinoderms lived farther from the seafloor, with more complex filter‐feeding organs and tiering structure, often using other organisms as substrates. Mobile carnivores and mass‐feeders emerge then, too, across diverse asterozoans and echinozoans. Most of these novelties coincide with the origins of individual clades during the early and late Cambrian (Terreneuvian/Series 2 and Furongian), and 10–20 million years pass before most become ecologically important. Life‐habit evolution within most taxa involved new variations in these traits, with crinoids and asterozoans better able to shift strategies. The Ordovician radiation records more new variability in pre‐existing Cambrian life habits rather than radical re‐invention, with important novelties (like mobile carnivory and mass‐feeding, increased height off the seafloor, and biotic substrates) becoming ecologically more impactful. Taxa with these strategies were those best able to capitalize on the newly heterogeneous Ordovician world.

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“…Sacco coma tenella, a large form by roveacrinid standards, is the only known roveacrinid preserved intact with arms attached. Its morphology, unique to roveacrinids, indicates a special method for food collection, for which Hess and etter (2011) proposed the pulsating funnel model (see also Hess, 2010).] Middle Triassic (Ladinian)-Lower Paleogene (Danian).…”

Section: Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

Part T, Echinodermata 2 (Revised), vol. 3, Complete Volume

et al. 2011

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Treatise Online, no. 16, Part T, Revised, Volume 1, Chapter 19: Paleoecology of pelagic crinoids

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Roveacrinida (Crinoidea,Articulata) from theSantonian–Maastrichtian (UpperCretaceous) ofEngland, theUS GulfCoast (Texas,Mississippi) and southernSweden

Roveacrinida (Crinoidea,Articulata) from theSantonian–Maastrichtian (UpperCretaceous) ofEngland, theUS GulfCoast (Texas,Mississippi) and southernSweden

Ecological novelty at the start of the Cambrian and Ordovician radiations of echinoderms

Part T, Echinodermata 2 (Revised), vol. 3, Complete Volume

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