Treating Contaminated Groundwater and Leachate

Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.

doi:10.1016/b978-081551411-4.50009-0

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The practice of burying hazardous waste has severely harmed the surrounding land and water because the waste containments are susceptible to corrosions, causing leaks over time ( Cheremisinoff, 1997 ; Kjeldsen et al., 2002 ). Dumping hazardous waste in the local water source also creates an issue involving the accumulation of toxic pollutants.…”

Section: Supporting Legislation For Solvent Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Systems level roadmap for solvent recovery and reuse in industries

2021

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Summary Recovering waste solvent for reuse presents an excellent alternative to improving the greenness of industrial processes. Implementing solvent recovery practices in the chemical industry is necessary, given the increasing focus on sustainability to promote a circular economy. However, the systematic design of recovery processes is a daunting task due to the complexities associated with waste stream composition, techno-economic analysis, and environmental assessment. Furthermore, the challenges to satisfy the desired product specifications, particularly in pharmaceuticals and specialty chemical industries, may also deter solvent recovery and reuse practices. To this end, this review presents a systems-level approach including various methodologies that can be implemented to design and evaluate efficient solvent recovery pathways.

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Section: Supporting Legislation For Solvent Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Systems level roadmap for solvent recovery and reuse in industries

2021

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“…Due to its composition, it is one of the major sources of pollution if discharged into an environmental system, [2]. It typically contains a variety of micropollutants, including phenols, plasticizers, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, personal care products (PCPs), endocrine disruptors, PCBs, PAHs and organo-chlorinated compounds as recalcitrant substances, refractory compounds, heavy metals, [3], [4], [5], inorganic compounds and pathogens, [3]. Therefore, it is characterized by high levels of organic load expressed as TOC, COD, BOD5, and inorganic load as salinity (Na + , K + , Ca 2+ or Clions), ammonia, [2], [5] and Cr, Cd, Pb, Hg, Ni, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Se, [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, landfill leachate's composition and quantity differ depending on the age, ambient air temperature, permeability, degradation procedure, climate, and type of waste. It is known that as landfill leachate ages, the pH increases, [7], the organic load decreases and stabilizes, [5], and the metal concentration becomes lower, but it still remains hazardous waste that requires proper treatment to minimize the risks to the ground, surface water, soil, animal and human health, [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safe Reuse of Landfill Leachates for Irrigation Purposes

Isari,

Grilla,

Kokkinos

et al. 2023

International Journal of Environmental Engineering and Development

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The purpose of the present study was the assessment of the potential reusability of landfill leachates for agricultural irrigation, after advanced oxidation treatments. The UV/Fenton and Fenton processes were applied to the treatment of two different landfill leachate samples, L1 and L2, classified as intermediates, collected from two different landfills located in Macedonia, Greece. Samples were characterized by high COD and TOC values, ranging from 5500-6100 mg/l and 1700-1780 mg/l, respectively. The treatment efficacy and toxicity characteristics were evaluated by conducting phytotoxicity tests. Sorghum saccharatum seeds were used and the germination index (GI) was estimated. The results showed that the UV/Fenton process achieved better organic matter removal rates for both samples. The untreated undiluted leachates L1 and L2 were highly toxic, resulting in GI values of 0. The results of the study showed that Sorghum saccharatum seed germination depends on the nature of the irrigation media and that optimum germination rates were achieved at dilutions of treated leachates with ratios higher than 1:4.

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“…Although LL characteristics may vary from landfill to landfill and over time and space at a particular landfill [5], a general trend has been observed in most landfills, i.e., the volume of leachate produced by landfills is larger in the first 5 to 10 years and decreases as the landfill ages [6]. Also, the pollutant concentrations in landfills reduce over time due to several reasons, e.g., organic leachate concentrations will decrease due to the anaerobic degradation of organic materials, resulting in the production of methane and carbon dioxide and a reduction in the C/N ratio [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, the pollutant concentrations in landfills reduce over time due to several reasons, e.g., organic leachate concentrations will decrease due to the anaerobic degradation of organic materials, resulting in the production of methane and carbon dioxide and a reduction in the C/N ratio [7]. Furthermore, the implementation of both the Landfill Directive (1999/31/EC) and its follow-up amendments and the Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC) (EU, 2018a) [8], which, by the year 2035, aims to reduce the amount of municipal solid waste going to landfill by 55% and the amount of biodegradable municipal waste by 90% compared to the levels in 1995, has also contributed to a decrease in the total amount of waste going to landfill, pollutant loads, and the volume of leachate produced per tonne of waste that is landfilled [6]. Thus, this has increased the capacity of landfill leachate treatment plants (LLTPs) to treat additional wastewater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Treatment of Landfill Leachate and Liquid Fractions of Anaerobic Digestate in an Industrial-Scale Membrane Bioreactor System

Annepogu

Beese-Vasbender²,

Himanshu³

et al. 2022

Processes

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The management of the liquid fraction of digestate produced from the anaerobic digestion of biodegradable municipal solid waste is a difficult affair, as its land application is limited due to high ammonium concentrations and the municipal waste that water treatment plants struggle to treat due to high pollutant loads. The amount of leachate and the pollutant load in the leachate produced by landfills usually decreases with the time, which increases the capacity of landfill leachate treatment plants (LLTPs) to treat additional wastewater. In order to solve the above two challenges, the co-treatment of landfill leachate and the liquid fraction of anaerobic digestate in an industrial-scale LLTP was investigated along with the long-term impacts of the liquid fraction of anaerobic digestate on biocoenosis and its impact on LLTP operational expenses. The co-treatment of landfill leachate and liquid fraction of anaerobic digestate was compared to conventional leachate treatment in an industrial-scale LLTP, which included the use of two parallel lanes (Lane-1 and Lane-2). The average nitrogen removal efficiencies in Lane-1 (co-treatment) were 93.4%, 95%, and 92%, respectively, for C/N ratios of 8.7, 8.9, and 9.4. The average nitrogen removal efficiency in Lane-2 (conventional landfill leachate treatment), meanwhile, was 88%, with a C/N ratio of 6.5. The LLTP’s average chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies were 63.5%, 81%, and 78% during phases one, two, and three, respectively. As the volume ratios of the liquid fraction of anaerobic digestate increased, selective oxygen uptake rate experiments demonstrated the dominance of heterotrophic bacteria over ammonium and nitrite-oxidising organisms. The inclusion of the liquid fraction of anaerobic digestate during co-treatment did not cause a significant increase in operational resources, i.e., oxygen, the external carbon source, activated carbon, and energy.

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Treating Contaminated Groundwater and Leachate

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

Systems level roadmap for solvent recovery and reuse in industries

Systems level roadmap for solvent recovery and reuse in industries

Safe Reuse of Landfill Leachates for Irrigation Purposes

Co-Treatment of Landfill Leachate and Liquid Fractions of Anaerobic Digestate in an Industrial-Scale Membrane Bioreactor System

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