Treadmill running using an RPE-clamp model: mediators of perception and implications for exercise prescription

Cochrane-Snyman, Kristen C.; Housh, Terry J.; Smith, Cory M.; Hill, Ethan C.; Jenkins, Nathaniel D.M.

doi:10.1007/s00421-019-04197-4

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Given the close association between BR and RPE ( Nicolò et al, 2018 ; Cochrane-Snyman et al, 2019 ), we speculate that slower BR may decrease perceived feelings of effort at a given exercise intensity. Hypothetically, slower BR may “trick” the brain into feeling exercise to be easier.…”

Section: Breath Toolsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…At high relative intensities above the RCP, continued increases in V E are accomplished primarily via BR (tachypnoea; fast BR above ~80% peak BR); this point is termed the “tachypnoeic shift” ( Sheel and Romer, 2011 ). The correlation between BR and perceived effort is particularly strong at these intensities as BR adjusts independent of absolute workload, metabolism, or muscular activation ( Nicolò et al, 2018 ; Cochrane-Snyman et al, 2019 ). This may be due to increased levels of central command activity compared with low or moderate-intensity exercise ( Nicolò et al, 2020a ).…”

Section: Respiration During Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

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Breath Tools: A Synthesis of Evidence-Based Breathing Strategies to Enhance Human Running

et al. 2022

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Running is among the most popular sporting hobbies and often chosen specifically for intrinsic psychological benefits. However, up to 40% of runners may experience exercise-induced dyspnoea as a result of cascading physiological phenomena, possibly causing negative psychological states or barriers to participation. Breathing techniques such as slow, deep breathing have proven benefits at rest, but it is unclear if they can be used during exercise to address respiratory limitations or improve performance. While direct experimental evidence is limited, diverse findings from exercise physiology and sports science combined with anecdotal knowledge from Yoga, meditation, and breathwork suggest that many aspects of breathing could be improved via purposeful strategies. Hence, we sought to synthesize these disparate sources to create a new theoretical framework called “Breath Tools” proposing breathing strategies for use during running to improve tolerance, performance, and lower barriers to long-term enjoyment.

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Section: Breath Toolsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Respiration During Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Breath Tools: A Synthesis of Evidence-Based Breathing Strategies to Enhance Human Running

et al. 2022

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“…The practice of prescribing exercise at a fixed RPE has been used previously (Brownsberger et al, 2013; Cochrane-Snyman et al, 2019). In these studies, participants are instructed to maintain perceived exertion at a fixed level while workload is free to vary during self-paced exercise.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of mental fatigue and monetary incentives on exercise intensity decision-making and performance.

Harris¹,

Bray²

2022

Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology

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Mental fatigue affects choice between exercise and nonexercise tasks. Provision of financial or monetary incentives biases decision-making in favor of exercise behaviors. The present study examined the effects of mental fatigue and monetary incentives on exercise intensity decision-making and physical performance. Using a 2 [higher fatigue (HF) vs. lower fatigue (LF)] × 2 [incentive ($) vs. no incentive] between-groups design, recreationally active participants (N = 77, M age = 20.14 ± 2.16 years) completed a 12-min manipulation designed to create higher and lower levels of mental fatigue and then chose between moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity exercise protocols. Participants in the incentive groups were offered $2.00 CAD or $4.00 CAD for the moderate or vigorous-intensity options, respectively, and participants were required to perform their chosen exercise task. Mental fatigue in the HF groups was significantly higher than the LF groups. Analyses revealed an overall greater frequency of selecting vigorousintensity versus moderate-intensity exercise with no difference in choice frequency between the HF and LF groups. Paired comparisons showed a significantly greater frequency of selecting the vigorous-intensity option in the LF$ group compared to the LF group, and a nonsignificant, medium-sized effect showing a slight bias toward the vigorous-intensity option for people in the HF$ group compared to the LF group. No differences were observed between groups in physical work performed during exercise. Findings suggest a disproportionate influence of incentives over mental fatigue on exercise intensity decision-making and no effect of mental fatigue on self-selected, selfpaced exercise.

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“… 22 Heart rate, for example, is known to produce interoceptive information that informs emotional states. 23 , 24 During treadmill exercise, heart rate, unlike other respiratory factors (e.g., V̇O 2 and respiratory exchange ratio), remains stable when perceptions of effort are fixed, 25 albeit the relationship between HR and effort is likely correlational rather than causal. 13 Collectively, this research implies that heart rate may be an underlying input to motivational states during exercise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disturbance of desire‐goal motivational dynamics during different exercise intensity domains

Taylor

Whiteley

Ferguson

2022

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Purpose The desire‐goal motivational conflict helps explain endurance performance; however, the physiological concomitants are unknown. The present study examined disturbances in desire to reduce effort and performance goal value across moderate, heavy, and severe exercise intensity domains, demarcated by the first (LT1) and second (LT2) lactate thresholds. In addition, the within‐person relationships among blood lactate concentration, heart rate, and desire‐goal conflict were examined. Methods Thirty participants (53% female, Mage = 21.03 years; SD = 2.06 years) completed an incremental cycling exercise test, in which work rate was increased by 25 watts every four minutes, until voluntary exhaustion or sufficient data from the severe intensity domain had been collected. Desire to reduce effort, performance goal value, blood lactate concentration (for determination of LT1 and LT2), and heart rate were measured at the end of each stage and analyzed using multilevel models. Results The desire to reduce effort increased over the exercise test with additional shifts and accelerations after each lactate threshold. The performance goal did not show general declines, nor did it shift at LT1. However, the performance goal value shifted at LT2, and the rate of change increased at both thresholds. Within‐person variation in blood lactate concentration positively correlated with the desire to reduce effort and negatively correlated with the performance goal. Within‐person variation in heart rate correlated with desire to reduce effort but not the performance goal. Conclusion Transitioning through both lactate thresholds is important phases for motivation during progressive exercise, particularly for the desire to reduce effort. Within‐person variation in blood lactate concentration is more influential for motivation, compared with heart rate.

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Treadmill running using an RPE-clamp model: mediators of perception and implications for exercise prescription

Cited by 12 publications

References 32 publications

Breath Tools: A Synthesis of Evidence-Based Breathing Strategies to Enhance Human Running

Breath Tools: A Synthesis of Evidence-Based Breathing Strategies to Enhance Human Running

Effects of mental fatigue and monetary incentives on exercise intensity decision-making and performance.

Disturbance of desire‐goal motivational dynamics during different exercise intensity domains

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