Tread rubber compound effect in winter tires: An experimental study

Tread rubber compound effect in winter tires: Benchmarking ATIIM 2.0 with classical models

“…H>F>D>G>A>E>C>B. This order of total friction coefficient when compared against the results of the experimental regime (Shenvi et al, 2022), H>D>B>A>F>E>G>C, are accurate regarding the evaluation of the best rubber compound. The exact validation of the model friction coefficients by the experimental results would be difficult as the simulation had some assumptions pertaining to material properties of 4 rubber compounds and the constraints in the experimental testing program like the ambient temperature being positive.…”

“…In the review of literature conducted as a part of this and the supporting work (Shenvi et al, 2022), it was found that the density and stiffness of the rubber compounds were found to be most prominent in the effect on rubber-ice friction.…”

“…Based on the results of the simulations and on comparison with the experimental testing results (Shenvi, 2020;Shenvi et al, 2022) we find that the classical models may have advantages as far as computational effort and simplicity are concerned but fail to round up the complete picture about the tire-ice contact phenomenon. From the perspective of computation of temperature rise, the ATIIM and ATIIM 2.0 models have the same method and thus the evaluated rise in temperature will be identical.…”

“…A comprehensive description of the model and material parameters for the ATIIM and ATIIM 2.0 is found in literature (Mousavi and Sandu, 2020a). Ideally the measurement of the surface roughness distribution should be performed after the tire wear process for experimental testing (Shenvi et al, 2022).…”

“…Thus, an attempt was made to find the effect of the variations on the tire performance and contact patch friction based on the mechanical properties of the rubber that were available and detailed in section 3.2. The choice of the DOE variables chosen are described in the article focusing on the experimental work of the study (Shenvi et al, 2022). Infl.…”