Travertine occurrences along major strike-slip fault zones: structural, depositional and geochemical constraints from the Eastern Anatolian Fault System (EAFS), Turkey

Erol, Serap Çolak; Özkul, Mehmet; Aksoy, Ercan; Kele, Sándor; Ghaleb, Bassam

doi:10.1080/09853111.2014.979530

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In these cases, the extension produced by the fault activity favours permeability, creating pathways along which the calcium and carbonate-loaded fluids can rise to the surface and precipitate, forming travertines and tufas. There are far fewer studies where travertine is related to the activity of strike-slip faults (DeFilippis et al, 2013;Temiz et al, 2013;Colak et al, 2015). All these later studies have in common that the travertines appear associated with the transtensive zones of the faults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of a travertine system controlled by the transpressional activity of the Alhama de Murcia fault: The Carraclaca site, eastern Betic Cordillera, Spain

et al. 2023

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Continental carbonates, such as travertines and tufas, formed from CO2-rich groundwater degassing as it emerges at the Earth’s surface, are often associated with major crustal-scale faults. The Carraclaca site, in the Lorca-Totana section of the Alhama de Murcia Fault, Spain, presents a complex geomorphological landscape controlled by active tectonics. The geology here records the interaction between Quaternary alluvial fans, travertines, and a pop-up structure developed in a transpressional section of the fault. The Alhama de Murcia Fault is an 80 km long left-lateral strike-slip fault that is one of the main seismogenic structures in the Iberian Peninsula. In this work, we examined the relation between travertine precipitation in the Carraclaca site and the tectonic activity of this fault zone through morphological and geochemical studies. The δ13C and δ18O isotopic signals indicate that the carbonate deposits are hydrothermal. In addition, the 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the samples suggest subsurface fluid interaction with the Miocene sediments and the Alpujárride basement, located below the alluvial deposits. Tectonic activity in the Alhama de Murcia Fault might generate the opening of deep water circulation in the crust every time a seismic event occurs, giving rise to hydrothermally derived carbonates precipitation. Deep waters rise and reach the surface interacting with meteoric waters, resulting in travertine formation. Therefore, the Carraclaca carbonate deposits study can inform us about the seismogenic cycle of the fault in the Lorca-Totana section.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of a travertine system controlled by the transpressional activity of the Alhama de Murcia fault: The Carraclaca site, eastern Betic Cordillera, Spain

et al. 2023

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“…Turkey, Hungary, off shore Brazil) in which inactive travertines are present at elevated topographic levels, because they were cut off from the main water table due to tectonic uplift, and where active spring travertine precipitation has shifted to lower areas (e.g. González-Martín et al, 1989;Capezzuoli et al, 2010;Özkul et al, 2010;Özkul et al, 2013;Çolak Erol et al, 2015;Claes et al, 2017a;Wang et al, 2017). This also occurred in the DGHS as the Killik dome is younger than the travertine developed along the northern margin flank.…”

Section: A Relative Travertine Age Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pleistocene-Holocene tectonic reconstruction of the Ballık travertine (Denizli Graben, SW Turkey): (De)formation of large travertine geobodies at intersecting grabens

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Baykara

et al. 2019

Journal of Structural Geology

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Travertine geobodies have been identified as potential reservoir analogues to carbonate build-ups in pre-salt hydrocarbon systems. To investigate travertine geobody deformation, faults were mapped in 35 travertine quarries that excavate the Ballık travertine, i.e. a c. 12.5 km 2 large travertine geobody that precipitated at the intersection of the NE margin of the Denizli Basin and neighbouring Baklan Graben (SW Turkey). This travertine precipitated from cooling carbonate-saturated thermal spring waters that resurfaced along the margin fracture/fault network and through Neogene unconsolidated underlying sediments. From the Denizli basin floor to the uplifted graben shoulders, fault orientation is dominantly WNW-ESE oriented with major basin faults showing a left-stepping trend. Along the upper Denizli margin, travertine is only deformed by extensional normal faults. Along the lower margin, travertine starts with a subhorizontal facies but evolves to a travertine facies formed by a sloping topography with a domal architecture. Paleostress inversion of fault-slip data reveals that an Early Pleistocene NNE-SSW extensional-transtensional phase initiated the WNW-ESE oriented, graben-facing normal fault network. In the Middle Pleistocene, the Ballık fault network was leftlateral strike-slip reactivated because it acted as a transfer zone between the NW-SE extending neighbouring Baklan Basin and NW-SE extension along NE-SW oriented margin faults of the DGHS. In this stress configuration, travertine precipitated along the SW margin fault of the Baklan Graben. After strike-slip reactivation, a Late Pleistocene-to-current NNE-SSW extensional stress regime reinstalled during which margin faults widened and active travertine precipitation moved to more central parts of the DGHS. As different tectonic regimes affect graben intersections, reservoir analogues can have a complex deformation history driven by fault reactivation and recurrent stress permutations. This study concludes that large travertine geobodies can form at graben intersections because of their susceptibility to enhanced fluid flow through the complex fault-fracture network.

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“…These evaporitic rocks extending in a SE to NW direction are called the Sivas Backthrust (Poisson et al, 1996) and are located Bilgiç, 2002. (Altunel, 1994;Çakır, 1999;Altunel & Hancock, 1993a, 1993b, 1996Altunel, 1996;Hancock et al, 1999, Brogi et al, 2014Mesci et al, 2008;Brogi & Capezzuoli, 2009;Temiz et al, 2009;Mesci, 2012;Çolak Erol et al, 2015;Brogi et al, 2016).…”

Section: Regional Geology and Sıcak çErmik Travertinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the end of the 1800's to the present, travertines and tufas have been investigated with different aims and methods including chemistry of waters forming travertines, mineralogy and petrography of travertines, and geochemical and sedimentalogical properties (Barnes, 1965;Barnes & O'Neil, 1971;Bencini, Duchi, & Martini, 1977;Buccino, D'argenio, & Ferri, 1978;Chafetz & Butler, 1980;Chafetz & Folk, 1984;Feth & Barnes, 1979;Folk, Chafetz, & Tiezzi, 1985;Ford & Pedley, 1992;Friedman, 1970;Gonfiantini, Panichi, & Tangiorgi, 1968;Hayden, 1872;Heımann & Sass, 1989;Jacabson & Usdowski, 1975;Julia, 1983;Jones, 1925;Leeman, Doe, & Whelan, 1977;Love & Chafetz, 1988;Pentecost, 2005;Russell, 1882;Weed, 1890). After the 1960's studies related to active tectonics and morphological properties of travertines are noteworthy (Altunel, 1994(Altunel, , 1996Altunel & Hancock 1993a, 1993b, 1996; Barnes, Irwin, & White, 1978;Brogi & Capezzuoli, 2009;Brogi, Capezzuoli, Alçiçek, & Gandin, 2014;Brogi et al, 2016;Çakır, 1999;Çolak Erol, Özkul, Aksoy, Kele, & Ghaleb, 2015;De Filippis, Anzalone, et al, 2013;De Filippis & Billi, 2012;De Filippis, Faccenna, et al, 2013;Hancock, Chalmers, Altunel, & Çakir, 1999;<...>…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fossil findings from the Sıcak Çermik fissure ridge-type travertines and possible hominid tracks, Sivas, Central Turkey

et al. 2017

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Sıcak Çermik (Sivas) is an important geothermal and recent travertine formation area in Central Anatolia. The majority of travertines found in the region comprise fissure-ridge type travertines according to morphological classification. At the location called Tepe Çermik within the travertine area, fill containing fossil bone fragments of Equus sp., Bovidae and other abundant animals formed within the fracture axis of a N-S striking fissure-ridge travertine developed under control of tectonic forces. The finds of these fossils in fissure-ridge travertines linked to tectonic forces indicates formation of a unique fossil environment created under the control of these forces. The Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Radiocarbon Dating analyses of fossils from the study area determined the fills were older than 43,000 years. The U/Th age of a sample from the most recently-formed banded travertine in the axis of the fracture was identified as 278,540 ± 18,436 years. As a result, the ages of fossils found within this fill are thought to be between 43,000 and 278,540 ± 18,436 years old. The high amount of perissodactyla and artiodactyla fossils found within fill in the axis of the fissure-ridge travertine probably indicates the presence of hominids who chose the region for hunting or settlement. The Equus sp. and Bovidae fossil samples found in the axis of the fracture indicate that in the dry and cold glacial period the paleogeography in a large portion of Anatolia comprised desert-like steppe.

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Travertine occurrences along major strike-slip fault zones: structural, depositional and geochemical constraints from the Eastern Anatolian Fault System (EAFS), Turkey

Cited by 15 publications

References 76 publications

Analysis of a travertine system controlled by the transpressional activity of the Alhama de Murcia fault: The Carraclaca site, eastern Betic Cordillera, Spain

Analysis of a travertine system controlled by the transpressional activity of the Alhama de Murcia fault: The Carraclaca site, eastern Betic Cordillera, Spain

Pleistocene-Holocene tectonic reconstruction of the Ballık travertine (Denizli Graben, SW Turkey): (De)formation of large travertine geobodies at intersecting grabens

Fossil findings from the Sıcak Çermik fissure ridge-type travertines and possible hominid tracks, Sivas, Central Turkey

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