Traveler Response to Transportation System Changes Handbook, Third Edition: Chapter 15, Land Use and Site Design

Kuzmyak, J R; Pratt, R.H.; Douglas, G B; Spielberg, Frank

doi:10.17226/24727

Cited by 12 publications

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“…The authors estimated the`typical' elasticity between local density and VMT to be À0X05 (versus À0X20 for regional accessibility). In the handbook on``Traveler response to transportation system changes: land use and site design'', Kuzmyak et al (2003) cite a mid-point elasticity of density and VMT with similarly low values: À0X05 to À0X10.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Built Environments on Vehicle Miles Traveled: Evidence from 370 US Urbanized Areas

2010

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Introduction: the policy context Heightened concerns over climate change, gasoline prices, and congestion have sparked research into the influences of urban form and land-use patterns on motorized travel, notably vehicle miles traveled (VMT). VMT per capita is widely viewed as the strongest single correlate of environmental degradation and resource consumption in the transport sectoröas individuals log more and more miles in motorized vehicles, the amount of local pollution (eg particulate matter) and global pollution (eg greenhouse gas, or GHG, emissions) increases, as does the consumption of fossil fuels, open space, and other increasingly scarce resources.Recent policy initiatives have further fueled interest in this subject. In California, where ground transportation is responsible for 38% of greenhouse gases, state legislators recently passed the Global Warming Solution Act (Assembly Bill 32, AB32) that calls for a 25% reduction in GHG emissions below the trend line by 2020, or to 1990 levelsöin total, the elimination of 169 million tonnes of carbon dioxide and other GHGs. Cities and counties that fail to make a good-faith effort to achieve this target risk losing state transportation funding.Controversy reigns over how climate-change targets might be met in states like California. Within the transport sector, one view holds that GHG-reduction targets can best be achieved through`sustainable mobility': for example, the introduction of low-carbon fuels and new technologies that increase fuel efficiency so that Americans can continue driving their cars at will, albeit with far less GHG emissions. At the other end of the spectrum are those arguing for`sustainable urbanism': for example, redesigning our cities and regions so there is less need to drive and, if one does, driving can be done over shorter distances and more efficiently (eg consolidate trips at one-stop mixed-use centers). Leading this conservation charge are new urbanists, environmentalists, and other advocates of smart growth who contend that a bane of modern-day living is excessive dependency on the private car. Creating more walkable, transit-friendly, urban landscapes, they contend, will not only reduce VMT and

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Built Environments on Vehicle Miles Traveled: Evidence from 370 US Urbanized Areas

2010

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“…Já a diversi&icaçaõ se refere à coexistencia de diferentes tipos de uso do solo, residenciais e não-residenciais, na mesma porção do território. Veri&ica-se em áreas com maior diversidade de usos que seus moradores tendem a utilizar mais os modos não motorizados, realizando um menor número de viagens, normalmente mais curtas (Weitz, 2003;Kuzmyak e Pratt, 2003).…”

Section: Centralização Das Oportunidades De Empregosunclassified

Espraiamento urbano e seus impactos nas desigualdades socioespaciais da acessibilidade ao trabalho em Fortaleza

et al. 2021

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O espraiamento urbano é um fenômeno comum nas metrópoles brasileiras. A população de alta renda conduz um processo de autossegregação socioespacial que, combinado à periferização de segmentos de baixa renda, tem contribuído para o agravamento da problemática das desigualdades na acessibilidade às atividades urbanas. Esta pesquisa exploratória buscou investigar os efeitos do espraiamento residencial urbano sobre os níveis de acessibilidade às oportunidades de emprego em Fortaleza, e como esses efeitos impactam de forma desigual os distintos grupos socioeconômicos. Para tanto, propôs-se uma representação conceitual dessa problemática e sua caracterização a partir da definição e territorialização de indicadores agregados de uso do solo e de acessibilidade aos postos de trabalho. Os resultados apontam processos de descentralização distintos por grupo de renda, com distribuições desiguais e não equânimes do acesso às oportunidades de empregos, configurando Fortaleza como uma produção de duas cidades díspares e segregadas, a dos ricos e a dos pobres.

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“…Kuzmyak et al (2003) identify how land-use and site design characteristics affect different aspects of traveler response. The authors identify specific categories of response, including:…”

Section: How Impacts Are Manifestedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transportation Energy Futures Series. Effects of the Built Environment on Transportation. Energy Use, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Other Factors

Porter

Brown

Dunphy

et al. 2013

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This is one of a series of reports produced as a result of the Transportation Energy Futures (TEF) project, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)-sponsored multi-agency project initiated to identify underexplored strategies for abating greenhouse gases and reducing petroleum dependence related to transportation. The project was designed to consolidate existing transportation energy knowledge, advance analytic capacity-building, and uncover opportunities for sound strategic action.Transportation currently accounts for 71% of total U.S. petroleum use and 33% of the nation's total carbon emissions. The TEF project explores how combining multiple strategies could reduce GHG emissions and petroleum use by 80%. Researchers examined four key areas -lightduty vehicles, non-light-duty vehicles, fuels, and transportation demand -in the context of the marketplace, consumer behavior, industry capabilities, technology and the energy and transportation infrastructure. The TEF reports support DOE long-term planning. The reports provide analysis to inform decisions about transportation energy research investments, as well as the role of advanced transportation energy technologies and systems in the development of new physical, strategic, and policy alternatives.In addition to the DOE and its Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, TEF benefitted from the collaboration of experts from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and Argonne National Laboratory, along with steering committee members from the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Transportation, academic institutions and industry associations. More detail on the project, as well as the full series of reports, can be found at http://www.eere.energy.gov/analysis/transportationenergyfutures. ...................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................. 69 References ......................................................................................................................... Contract LIST OF TABLES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Designing the Built Environment to Reduce Energy Use and EmissionsUrban form has evolved in response to a variety of demographic, social, economic, technological, and policy drivers. While direct authority over land use resides primarily at the local level, the federal government's transportation and housing policies have indirectly influenced the built environment. These policies accelerated mid-and late-20 th century trends of decentralization and declines in population density that were driven by increasing automotive mobility and the post-World War II baby boom. Suburbanization now shows some signs of slowing or reversing in response to demographic, economic, and cultural changes, renewing interest in smaller homes in urban settings. Local governments are increasingly impl...

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Traveler Response to Transportation System Changes Handbook, Third Edition: Chapter 15, Land Use and Site Design

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Built Environments on Vehicle Miles Traveled: Evidence from 370 US Urbanized Areas

Effects of Built Environments on Vehicle Miles Traveled: Evidence from 370 US Urbanized Areas

Espraiamento urbano e seus impactos nas desigualdades socioespaciais da acessibilidade ao trabalho em Fortaleza

Transportation Energy Futures Series. Effects of the Built Environment on Transportation. Energy Use, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Other Factors

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