Travel-Associated Zika Virus Disease Acquired in the Americas Through February 2016

Hamer, Davidson H.; Barbre, Kira; Chen, Lin H.; Grobusch, Martin P.; Schlagenhauf, Patricia; Goorhuis, Abraham; Genderen, Perry J.J. van; Molina, Israel; Ásgeirsson, Hilmir; Kozarsky, Phyllis E.; Caumes, Éric; Hagmann, Stefan; Mockenhaupt, Frank P.; Epéron, Gilles; Barnett, Elizabeth D.; Bottieau, Emmanuel; Boggild, Andrea K.; Gautret, Philippe; Hynes, Noreen A.; Kuhn, Susan; Lash, R. Ryan; Leder, Karin; Libman, Michael; Malvy, Denis; Perret, Cecilia; Rothe, Camilla; Schwartz, Eli; Wilder‐Smith, Annelies; Cetron, Martín S.; Esposito, Douglas H.

doi:10.7326/m16-1842

Cited by 70 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Given that Hispanic and foreign-born residents of San Diego County experience limited access to healthcare compared to other residents [11], it is unlikely that their higher proportions among ZIKV case-patients is due to greater ZIKV testing [12]. In this analysis, the proportion of ZIKV case-patients who were VFR travelers (36%) was similar to that reported by the GeoSentinel travel clinics’ surveillance network among travelers to the Americas (39%) [13], but smaller than in several ZIKV surveillance reports from Europe [14], and also smaller than among travel-associated malaria cases in the United States (70%) [15]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Demographic and Travel Characteristics of Travel-Associated Zika Virus Infection Case-Patients in San Diego County, California (January 1, 2016–March 31, 2017)

et al. 2017

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Most Zika disease cases diagnosed in the continental US have been associated with travel to areas with risk of Zika transmission, mainly the Caribbean and Latin America. Limited information has been published about the demographic and travel characteristics of Zika case-patients in the United States, besides their age and gender. During 2016–2017 the County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, California, expanded the scope and completeness of demographic and travel information collected from Zika case-patients for public health surveillance purposes. The majority (53.8%) of travel-related Zika virus infection case-patients (n = 78) in the county were Hispanic, significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) than the 33.0% of Hispanics in the county. Foreign-born residents, mainly from Mexico, were also overrepresented among cases compared to their share in the county population (33.3 vs. 23.0%; p ≤ 0.05). Seventeen (21.8%) patients reported a primary language other than English (14 Spanish). Most case-patients traveled for tourism (54%) or to visit friends and relatives (36%). This surveillance information helps identify higher-risk populations and implement culturally targeted interventions for Zika prevention and control.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Demographic and Travel Characteristics of Travel-Associated Zika Virus Infection Case-Patients in San Diego County, California (January 1, 2016–March 31, 2017)

et al. 2017

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“…It did not take long to reach other countries in South (WHO, 2015; Pacheco et al, 2016) and Central America (Lozier et al, 2016), accompanied by an epidemic of GBS cases (Dos Santos et al, 2016) and microcephaly (Cuevas et al, 2016). Patients infected with ZIKV began to be identified in the U.S., initially imported from South and Central American countries (McCarthy, 2016; Hamer et al, 2017). Autochthonous cases of Zika were later detected in 2016 in the continental United States in Florida (Likos et al, 2016) and later Texas [https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/han00399.asp].…”

Section: Emergence and Spread Of Zikv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The third is the virus’s ability to induce viremia shortly after the infectious mosquito bite (Dudley et al, 2016), rendering each infected person an efficient amplification host for several days. Fourth, the mobility of people among states and countries in very short periods of time enhanced rapid spread among areas where the vector is present, with the potential of seeding new foci of transmission (Hamer et al, 2017; Ali et al, 2017). …”

Section: Emergence and Spread Of Zikv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika in the Americas, year 2: What have we learned? What gaps remain? A report from the Global Virus Network

et al. 2017

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In response to the outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in the Western Hemisphere and the recognition of a causal association with fetal malformations, the Global Virus Network (GVN) assembled an international taskforce of virologists to promote basic research, recommend public health measures and encourage the rapid development of vaccines, antiviral therapies and new diagnostic tests. In this article, taskforce members and other experts review what has been learned about ZIKV-induced disease in humans, its modes of transmission and the cause and nature of associated congenital manifestations. After describing the make-up of the taskforce, we summarize the emergence of ZIKV in the Americas, Africa and Asia, its spread by mosquitoes, and current control measures. We then review the spectrum of primary ZIKV-induced disease in adults and children, sites of persistent infection and sexual transmission, then examine what has been learned about maternal-fetal transmission and the congenital Zika syndrome, including knowledge obtained from studies in laboratory animals. Subsequent sections focus on vaccine development, antiviral therapeutics and new diagnostic tests. After reviewing current understanding of the mechanisms of emergence of Zika virus, we consider the likely future of the pandemic.

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“…37 Common symptoms in a recent series of travel-associated cases included exanthema (88%), fever (76%), and arthralgia (72%). 38 Given the clear evidence of different methods of sexual transmission of Zika virus, infected travelers should be counseled on the need for and duration of barrier contraception to limit onward sexual transmission of the virus. Rickettsial Infections.…”

Section: Mode Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Fever in Returned Travelers

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Travel-Associated Zika Virus Disease Acquired in the Americas Through February 2016

Abstract: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, International Society of Travel Medicine, and Public Health Agency of Canada.

Cited by 70 publications

References 43 publications

Demographic and Travel Characteristics of Travel-Associated Zika Virus Infection Case-Patients in San Diego County, California (January 1, 2016–March 31, 2017)

Demographic and Travel Characteristics of Travel-Associated Zika Virus Infection Case-Patients in San Diego County, California (January 1, 2016–March 31, 2017)

Zika in the Americas, year 2: What have we learned? What gaps remain? A report from the Global Virus Network

Fever in Returned Travelers

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