Travel-Associated Zika Cases and Threat of Local Transmission during Global Outbreak, California, USA

Porse, Charsey Cole; Messenger, Sharon; Vugia, Duc J.; Jilek, Wendy; Salas, María; Watt, James; Kramer, Vicki L.

doi:10.3201/eid2409.180203

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In November 2015, the first cases of Zika virus were reported in California (Porse et al 2018). The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) and local health departments investigated each case and determined that all cases were travel-associated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification of Molecular Determinants of Resistance to Pyrethroid Insecticides in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations in California, USA

Liebman

Billeter

Yoshimizu

et al. 2019

Journal of Medical Entomology

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The first breeding populations of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) were identified in California in 2013, and have since been detected in 13 counties. Recent studies suggest two introductions likely occurred, with genetically distinct populations in the central and southern regions of the state. Given the threat of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika virus transmission, it is imperative to understand if these populations harbor genes that could confer resistance to pyrethrin-based insecticides, known as pyrethroids, the most commonly used class of adulticides in the state. In 2017, the California Department of Public Health initiated a pesticide resistance screening program for Ae. aegypti to assess the presence of specific mutations on the sodium channel gene (V1016I and F1534C) associated with knockdown resistance to pyrethroids. Mosquitoes collected between 2015 and 2017 from 11 counties were screened for mutations using real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. Results revealed distinctly different resistance profiles between the central and southern regions. The central population displayed nearly fixed resistant mutations at both loci, whereas the southern population was more variable. The relative proportion of resistant alleles observed in sampled mosquitoes collected in southern California increased each year from 2015 through 2017, indicating potential increases in resistance across this region. The presence of these mutations indicates that these mosquitoes may be predisposed to surviving pyrethroid treatments. Additional biological and biochemical assays will help better elucidate the mechanisms underlying insecticide resistance in California Ae. aegypti and prompt the use of pesticides that are most effective at controlling these mosquitoes.

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confidence: 99%

Identification of Molecular Determinants of Resistance to Pyrethroid Insecticides in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations in California, USA

Liebman

Billeter

Yoshimizu

et al. 2019

Journal of Medical Entomology

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“…Mosquitoes are very seasonal in California, with increasing abundances in the summer until a quick decline in autumn (Porse et al 2018). Our mesocosm study followed similar trends in larval mosquitoes over time, especially in control water tanks, yet interestingly, we saw a resurgence late in the season by the end of October, with the presence of decayed plant matter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbicide treatment alters the effects of water hyacinth on larval mosquito abundance

Portilla

Lawler

2020

Journal of Vector Ecology

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Invasive aquatic weeds are managed with herbicides to reduce their negative impacts on waterways in many areas, including the California Delta Region. Herbicides create a dynamic environment of living and decomposing plant matter that could affect larval mosquitoes and other invertebrates, such as their predators and competitors. Our objective was to compare the number of larval mosquitoes in water or water hyacinth, before and after an herbicide treatment. We created replicated pond mesocosms with water hyacinth, water hyacinth treated with glyphosate and an oil adjuvant, open water, and water with glyphosate plus adjuvant. We sampled for larval mosquitoes and other aquatic invertebrates. Before herbicide addition, there was a trend for more larval mosquitoes in open water tanks than in tanks with water hyacinth. Herbicide application resulted in an immediate decrease of larval mosquitoes. As decay progressed, larval mosquitoes became most abundant in mesocosms with herbicide‐treated hyacinth and very few larval mosquitoes were found in other habitat treatments. Although the numbers of predatory and competitor insects had some variation between treatments, no clear pattern emerged. This information on how invasive weed management with herbicides affects larval mosquitoes will allow control practices for larval mosquitoes and invasive weeds to be better integrated.

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“…It must be underscored, that in all the above-mentioned cases, the most probable vector was AE. aegypti, and that the increase of imported and local cases mirrored the increased incidence in neighboring countries like Mexico (Porse et al, 2018).…”

Section: Period Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In 2014, Florida reported 272 imported Chikungunya cases (Kendrick et al, 2014). From November 2015 to September 2017, 588 travel-associated Zika cases only in California were reported, from which two thirds had come either from Mexico or Central America (Porse et al, 2018). Nevertheless, there have also been locally transmitted cases of the three diseases, albeit in smaller numbers.…”

Section: Period Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A yellow flag on the horizon: The looming threat of yellow fever to North America

Jácome

Carrasco-Hernández

Campillo-Balderas

et al. 2019

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Yellow fever virus historically was a frequent threat to American and European coasts. Medical milestones such as the discovery of mosquitoes as vectors and subsequently an effective vaccine significantly reduced its incidence, in spite of which, thousands of cases of this deathly disease still occur regularly in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Amazonian basin in South America, which are usually not reported. An urban outbreak in Angola, consecutive years of increasing incidence near major Brazilian cities, and imported cases in China, South America and Europe, have brought this virus back to the global spotlight. The aim of this article is to underline that the preventive YFV measures, such as vaccination, need to be carefully revised in order to minimize the risks of new YFV outbreaks, especially in urban or immunologically vulnerable places. Furthermore, this article highlights the diverse factors that have favored the spread of other Aedes spp.-associated arboviral diseases like Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika, to northern latitudes causing epidemics in the United States and Europe, emphasizing the possibility that YFV might follow the path of these viruses unless enhanced surveillance and efficient control systems are urgently initiated.

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Travel-Associated Zika Cases and Threat of Local Transmission during Global Outbreak, California, USA

Cited by 21 publications

References 11 publications

Identification of Molecular Determinants of Resistance to Pyrethroid Insecticides in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations in California, USA

Identification of Molecular Determinants of Resistance to Pyrethroid Insecticides in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations in California, USA

Herbicide treatment alters the effects of water hyacinth on larval mosquito abundance

A yellow flag on the horizon: The looming threat of yellow fever to North America

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