Traumatic Resin Ducts and Polyphenolic Parenchyma Cells in Conifers

Krokene, Paal; Nagy, Nina Elisabeth; Krekling, Trygve

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8182-8_7

Cited by 43 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Phenolics and terpenes are considered to be important defence compounds in conifers (Krokene et al ., ; Eyles et al ., ) and yet few attempts have been made to correlate UV‐mediated changes in tissue chemistry with disease resistance (Manning & Vontiedemann, ; Witzell & Martin, ). In the current study, UV‐C irradiation promoted strong resistance to D. pinea but did not affect the concentrations of total phenolics or α‐pinene and β‐pinene in the needles or stems of treated seedlings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical responses to ultraviolet‐C radiation and methyl jasmonate in Pinus radiata seedlings that accompany induced resistance to Diplodia pinea

et al. 2012

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Irradiation of Pinus radiata seedlings with ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiation or spray application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) each resulted in induced resistance to subsequent wound inoculation with Diplodia pinea. Induced resistance was expressed by lower incidence of disease and by reduced size of stem lesions than in untreated seedlings. UV-C was more effective than MeJA and the induced resistance was greatest in seedlings that were irradiated with UV-C for 60 min, 1 week before pathogen inoculation. Induced resistance in the UV-C treated stems was concomitant with increases in peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity but showed no correlation with concentrations of a-pinene and b-pinene or total phenolics. Furthermore, POX induction in stem tissue was cumulative and was greatest after three repeat treatments with UV-C at 6, 3 and 1 week before inoculation. In contrast to UV-C, MeJA induced a significant increase in b-pinene concentration in stem tissue but did not affect PPO activity. POX activity was induced by MeJA in stems, although to a lesser extent than by UV-C, but was not affected in needles. This appears to be the first report demonstrating the use of UV-C radiation to induce resistance to fungal infection in a coniferous species. The implications of the underlying differences between UV-C-and MeJA-mediated resistance to D. pinea are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical responses to ultraviolet‐C radiation and methyl jasmonate in Pinus radiata seedlings that accompany induced resistance to Diplodia pinea

et al. 2012

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“…MJ has been shown to increase Norway spruce ( Picea abies ) resistance to colonization by the spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus , and its virulent fungal associate, Ceratocystis polonica (Erbilgin et al 2006; Zeneli et al 2006; Krokene et al 2008b). Although MJ has been used successfully in several studies to induce and characterize induced defense responses in conifers, endogenous roles of octadecanoids and the putative signal transduction chain for local and systemic responses in conifer defense induction have only been demonstrated in a few studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of isoprenyl diphosphate synthases, plant hormones and defense signalling genes correlates with traumatic resin duct formation in Norway spruce (Picea abies)

et al. 2011

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Norway spruce (Picea abies) defends itself against herbivores and pathogens by formation of traumatic resin ducts filled with terpenoid-based oleoresin. An important group of enzymes in terpenoid biosynthesis are the short-chain isoprenyl diphosphate synthases which produce geranyl diphosphate (C10), farnesyl diphosphate (C15), and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (C20) as precursors of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and diterpene resin acids, respectively. After treatment with methyl jasmonate (MJ) we investigated the expression of all isoprenyl diphosphate synthase genes characterized to date from Norway spruce and correlated this with formation of traumatic resin ducts and terpene accumulation. Formation of traumatic resin ducts correlated with higher amounts of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and diterpene resin acids and an upregulation of isoprenyl diphosphate synthase genes producing geranyl diphosphate or geranylgeranyl diphosphate. Among defense hormones, jasmonate and jasmonate-isoleucine conjugate accumulated to higher levels in trees with extensive traumatic resin duct formation, whereas salicylate did not. Jasmonate and ethylene are likely to both be involved in formation of traumatic resin ducts based on elevated transcripts of genes encoding lipoxygenase and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase associated with resin duct formation. Other genes involved in defense signalling in other systems, mitogen-activated protein kinase3 and nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related gene1, were also associated with traumatic resin duct formation. These responses were detected not only at the site of MJ treatment, but also systemically up to 60 cm above the site of treatment on the trunk.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11103-011-9832-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Trees were sampled on flat, exposed terraces within each box. often have living foliage on lower branches that are prone to storm damage (Figures 2 and 3), TRD production in the lower stem could also reflect canopy damage in open forests (Bannan, 1936;Krokene et al, 2008).…”

Section: Background: Tangential Rows Of Traumatic Resin Ducts In Treementioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic Resin Ducts in Alaska Mountain Hemlock Trees Provide a New Proxy for Winter Storminess

et al. 2019

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Winter is a critical season for land‐surface feedbacks and ecosystem processes; however, most high‐latitude paleo‐environmental reconstructions are blind to cold season conditions. Here we introduce a winter‐sensitive, paleo‐proxy record that is based on the relative frequency of tangential rows of traumatic resin ducts (TRDs) in the annual growth rings of mountain hemlocks (Tsuga mertensiana) growing near treeline in Southeast Alaska. Hemlocks produce a row of TRDs in the earlywood portion of their annual rings in response to cambial damage incurred during winter. Multidecadal bouts of TRD production were followed by growth‐leader replacement, reaction wood formation, and divergence in radial growth between storm‐damaged trees and less exposed mountain hemlock forests. These patterns are consistent with TRDs being a response to tree damage caused by ice and snowstorms, a conclusion supported by the krummholz tree architecture at these sites. This relationship is further corroborated by significant correlations between our TRD record and the strength of the wintertime Aleutian Low (AL) pressure system that is linked to tree‐damaging agents like wind, precipitation, and ice storm strength in Southeast Alaska. The combined TRD/krummholz architecture record indicates that abrupt shifts between strong and weak AL phases occurred every several decades since CE 1700 and that the 1800s had relatively long AL phases with heavy snowpacks. In addition to describing the magnitude and tempo of wintertime climate change in Northwestern North America, these results suggest that North Pacific Decadal Variability underlies the long‐term dynamics of treeline ecosystems along the northeast Pacific coast.

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Traumatic Resin Ducts and Polyphenolic Parenchyma Cells in Conifers

Cited by 43 publications

References 76 publications

Biochemical responses to ultraviolet‐C radiation and methyl jasmonate in Pinus radiata seedlings that accompany induced resistance to Diplodia pinea

Biochemical responses to ultraviolet‐C radiation and methyl jasmonate in Pinus radiata seedlings that accompany induced resistance to Diplodia pinea

Induction of isoprenyl diphosphate synthases, plant hormones and defense signalling genes correlates with traumatic resin duct formation in Norway spruce (Picea abies)

Traumatic Resin Ducts in Alaska Mountain Hemlock Trees Provide a New Proxy for Winter Storminess

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