Traumatic optic neuropathy

Sarkies, N

doi:10.1038/sj.eye.6701571

Cited by 146 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The intracanalicular part of the optic nerve is susceptible to damage within the optic canal. 10,11 The superior orbital fissure…”

Section: The Infratemporal and Pterygopalatine Fossaementioning

confidence: 99%

Update on orbital anatomy

René

2006

Eye

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The orbit is a confined space bounded by four bony walls. Apart from the globe, orbital fat, and extraocular muscles it contains many important neurovascular structures. It is intimately related to the paranasal sinuses as well as the anterior and middle cranial fossae. Consequently, sinus pathology and intracranial disease may spread to involve the orbit and the converse applies. A thorough understanding of orbital anatomy is essential to fully appreciate the effects of disease on the orbit and is of paramount importance for performing safe orbital surgery. The anatomy of the orbit is discussed with reference to relevant orbital disease.

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“…The intracanalicular part of the optic nerve is susceptible to damage within the optic canal. 10,11 The superior orbital fissure…”

Section: The Infratemporal and Pterygopalatine Fossaementioning

confidence: 99%

Update on orbital anatomy

René

2006

Eye

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“…20,25) When projectile or sharp objects injure the optic nerve directly, these cases are diagnosed as direct TON. 25) Thus, direct TON is characterized by the presence of an open wound, leading to direct injury of the optic nerve, and can be diagnosed by neuroimaging, such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging.…”

Section: Classification Of Tonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of indirect TON in closed-head trauma has been reported as 0.5% to 5%. 20,25) The site of injury causing blindness is typically the forehead or supraorbital ridge, and less commonly may be the temporal region. 20,23) of vision.…”

Section: Classification Of Tonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20,25) The site of injury causing blindness is typically the forehead or supraorbital ridge, and less commonly may be the temporal region. 20,23) of vision. According to a study by Ansari 2) , in which a total of 2,503 patients were enrolled, retrobulbar hemorrhage was thought to be the primary mechanism of blindness, followed by direct damage to the eyeball.…”

Section: Classification Of Tonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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6 Traumatic Optic Neuropathy

2019

Clinical Pathways in Neuro-Ophthalmology

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“…1 Damage to the optic nerve (ON) causes immediate shearing of and induces secondary swelling in a proportion of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons, accompanied by subsequent RGC degeneration. 2 Multiple therapies are used to prevent pathological changes to the ON and preserve RGC survival after trauma, however, there is still no standard therapy for TON. This update provides a critical review of current clinical trials and experimental progress in TON, with the aim of clarifying potential treatment strategies for the future.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%