Traumatic grief research and care in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic

Djelantik, A. A. A. Manik J.; Bui, Éric; O’Connor, Maja; Rosner, Rita; Robinaugh, Donald J.; Simon, Naomi M.; Boelen, Paul A.

doi:10.1080/20008198.2021.1957272

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…A concern regarding the development of new criteria-sets for pathological grief is that they are, as a rule, qualitatively different from preceding criteria-sets (e.g. Boelen & Prigerson, 2012 ; Djelantik et al, 2021 ; Eisma & Lenferink, 2017 ; Stelzer, Zhou, Maercker, O’Connor, & Killikelly, 2020 ). Criteria-sets differ in number of included symptoms, symptom content, and diagnostic algorithms (Eisma, Rosner, & Comtesse, 2020 ; Lenferink, Boelen, Smid, & Paap, 2021 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Content overlap analyses of ICD-11 and DSM-5 prolonged grief disorder and prior criteria-sets

Eisma

Janshen

Lenferink

2022

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background The International Classification of Diseases eleventh edition (ICD-11) has recently included prolonged grief disorder (PGD), a diagnosis characterized by severe, persistent, and disabling grief. The text revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM-5-TR) is scheduled to include a similar but distinct diagnosis, also termed PGD. Concerns have been raised that these new diagnoses are qualitatively different from both prior proposed diagnoses for pathological grief and each other, which may affect the generalizability of findings obtained with different criteria sets. Objective We conducted a content overlap analysis of PGD ICD-11 , PGD DSM-5-TR , and previous proposals for pathological grief diagnoses (i.e. PGD 2009; complicated grief (CG), PGD ICD-11 beta draft, persistent complex bereavement disorder (PCBD) per DSM-5). Methods Using the Jaccard’s Index, we established the degree of content overlap between core and accessory symptoms of PGD ICD-11 , PGD DSM-5-TR , and prior proposals for pathological grief diagnoses. Results Main findings are that PGD ICD-11 and PGD DSM-5-TR showed moderate content overlap with each other and with most prior proposed diagnoses for pathological grief. PGD ICD-11 and PGD DSM-5-TR showed the strongest content overlap with their direct predecessors, PGD ICD-11 beta draft and PCBD, respectively. Conclusions Limited content overlap between PGD ICD-11 and PGD DSM-5-TR and preceding criteria sets may threaten generalizability of past research on phenomenological characteristics of pathological grief to current criteria sets. Similarly, findings obtained with instruments to assess PGD ICD-11 may not generalize to PGD DSM-5-TR and vice versa. Researchers should aim to determine under which circumstances criteria sets for PGD yield similar or distinct characteristics. Convergence of criteria sets for PGD remains an important goal for the future.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Content overlap analyses of ICD-11 and DSM-5 prolonged grief disorder and prior criteria-sets

Eisma

Janshen

Lenferink

2022

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…Though these factors have not been fully studied in relation to PTSD during the pandemic, there is translational and empirical evidence of their relevance. For example, quarantine or isolation has been found to contribute to PTSD during earlier outbreaks of infectious disease (Reynolds et al, 2008 ; Henssler et al, 2021 ); forced quarantine may be more traumatic than voluntary quarantine (TMGH-Global COVID-19 Collaborative., 2021 ); emergent PTSD has been noted at higher rates in regions with a higher COVID-19 incidence rate (Carmassi et al, 2022 ); and sudden death of a loved one due to COVID-19, or enforced separation from them prior to death due to infection control measures, can contribute to traumatic grief (Masiero et al, 2020 ; Djelantik et al, 2021 ). It has also been observed that cultural values such as collectivism shape the appraisal of trauma and influence both the emergence and persistence of PTSD symptoms (Jobson, 2009 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Contributions of Pandemic Severity, Government Stringency, Cultural Values and Internet Usage to Post-traumatic Stress Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of Data From 35 Countries

Rajkumar

2022

Front. Sociol.

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Emergent symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been frequently reported in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, and may affect up to 17–18% of individuals. There is preliminary evidence that pandemic severity, cultural values, restrictions imposed by governments, and Internet usage may all influence the emergence of PTSD symptomatology. In this study, possible linear- and non-linear associations between these factors and the prevalence of PTSD symptoms across 35 countries were examined based on data from existing research. Evidence was found for a positive logarithmic relationship between the COVID-19 case-fatality ratio and PTSD (p = 0.046), a positive logarithmic relationship between power distance and PTSD (p = 0.047), and a trend toward a negative quadratic association with Internet usage (p = 0.051). No significant cross-national effect was observed for government restrictiveness. These findings suggest that strategies aimed at minimizing COVID-19 deaths, and at ensuring equitable access to essential resources, may be of use in reducing the emergence of PTSD symptoms at a population level during this pandemic.

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“…Grief can include experiencing feelings of shock, anger, sadness or denial, heightened anxiety and distress, and changes in sleeping and eating patterns. Due to the heightened number of bereaved individuals associated with COVID-19, prolonged grief disorder is also a major concern [ 4 ]. Specifically, individuals experience more intense acute grief when deaths are associated with COVID-19 than when they are related to other natural illnesses not related to the pandemic [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postvention as Prevention: Coping with Loss at School

Khalid

Zapparrata

Loughlin

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Many Pre-K through grade 12 (PK-12) students have experienced traumatic events throughout the pandemic in a myriad of ways including the death of family members and peers, loss of social interaction and increased violence at home. The consequences can be traumatic and manifest themselves in fear, anxiety, anger, isolation, and loneliness. Too often this leads to depression, anxiety, grief, substance use disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, suicidal ideation and even suicides. This study assesses the impact of an innovative virtual human role-play simulation that prepares PK-12 educators, administrators, and school staff to respond to a student death in the school community by creating communities of support to help manage traumatic loss. The simulation addresses crisis response planning, postvention plans, and provides learners with role-play practice in using evidence-based motivational interviewing communication strategies in conversations with students and colleagues after the occurrence of a death. The sample consisted of educators and staff who were recruited from geographically dispersed areas across the US between January 2021 through December 2021. Matched sample t-tests and ANOVAs were used to assess quantitative data, and a qualitative analysis software, MAXQDA, was used to assess open-ended response data. Results show statistically significant increases in school personnel’s preparedness and self-efficacy to recognize signs of trauma in their students and colleagues, and to approach them to talk about concerns and, if necessary, make a referral to support services. Simulations such as this hold tremendous potential in teaching educators how address trauma due to a student death.

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Traumatic grief research and care in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic

Cited by 9 publications

References 96 publications

Content overlap analyses of ICD-11 and DSM-5 prolonged grief disorder and prior criteria-sets

Content overlap analyses of ICD-11 and DSM-5 prolonged grief disorder and prior criteria-sets

The Contributions of Pandemic Severity, Government Stringency, Cultural Values and Internet Usage to Post-traumatic Stress Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of Data From 35 Countries

Postvention as Prevention: Coping with Loss at School

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