Traumatic Events and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in an Urban Population of Young Adults

Breslau, Naomi; Davis, George C.; Andreski, Patricia; Peterson, Edward L.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810270028003

Cited by 2,172 publications

(1,455 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The potential mechanisms of this relationship include three models: the depressogenic model, the demoralization model and the synchronous change model (Schindel-Allon, Aderka, Shahar, Stein, & Gilboa-Schechtman, 2010). The depressogenic model suggests that depressive symptoms may predict subsequent PTSD symptoms (Breslau, Davis, Andreski, & Peterson, 1991; Merriman, Norman, & Barton, 2007). The demoralization model suggests that PTSD symptoms are the causes of depressive symptoms (Mangelli et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms in children after the Wenchuan earthquake

Cheng

Liang

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Many studies have reported the comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in children. However, the underlying relationship between PTSD and depression remains unclear.Objective: This study examines the relationship between PTSD and depressive symptoms in children who survived the Wenchuan earthquake in China.Methods: In total, 301 children were assessed at four months and then followed up at 29, 40 and 52 months after the disaster. The ages of the children ranged from 9.6–14.6 years old, and the sample included 157 males and 144 females. The children were assessed by using the University of California at Los Angeles PTSD reaction index for DSM-IV for PTSD symptoms and the Children’s Depression Inventory for depressive symptoms.Results: Comorbid PTSD and depressive symptoms were prevalent in 4.0, 3.3, 3.7 and 5.1% of the participants at times 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The cross-lagged analysis indicated that PTSD symptoms at time 1 predicted depressive symptoms at time 2; depressive symptoms at time 1 predicted PTSD symptoms at time 2; depressive symptoms at time 2 predicted PTSD symptoms at time 3; and depressive symptoms at time 3 predicted PTSD symptoms at time 4. The findings also showed that being female, poor parental relationships and trauma exposure were risk factors for PTSD or depressive symptoms.Conclusions: The results suggest that the causal relationship between PTSD and depressive symptoms changes over time; the effects of PTSD symptoms tend to decrease, while those of depressive symptoms tend to increase. Two stages of the relationship between PTSD and depressive symptoms were observed, namely, that PTSD and depressive symptoms first influenced each other and then that depressive symptoms predicted PTSD. The results of our study also suggest that females with poor parental relationships and a high degree of trauma exposure are more likely to require intervention.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms in children after the Wenchuan earthquake

Cheng

Liang

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…Participants who currently met criteria for PTSD scored higher on all the measured indices of alcohol abuse than controls without PTSD (cited in Kilpatrick & Resnick, 1993). Finally, a study by Breslau and Davis (1992) divided a young adult community sample meeting criteria for PTSD into those with chronic versus nonchronic PTSD: Participants in the chronic group were 2.7 times more likely than those in the nonchronic group to meet diagnostic criteria for alcohol abuse--dependence, although both groups had a higher prevalence of these alcohol disorders than a matched control group without PTSD (Breslau, Davis, Andreski, & Peterson, 1991 ). Thus, severity of PTSD symptoms (when defined in terms ofchronicity) appears positively associated with comorbid alcoholism.…”

Section: Is There a Relationship Between Ptsd And Alcohol Abuse-depenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol abuse in individuals exposed to trauma: A critical review.

Stewart¹

1996

Psychological Bulletin

563

422

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“…Although 60% of men and 50% of women (Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet, Hughes, & Nelson, 1995) in the general population experience life events that qualify as traumatic according to the DSM-III-R, only 24% (Breslau, Davis, Andreski, & Peterson, 1991) of those cases develop PTSD. Variables modifying the risk of developing posttraumatic stress can be classified as pretrauma, peritrauma or posttrauma variables (Schnurr, Lunney, & Sengupta, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peritraumatic distress fully mediates the relationship between posttraumatic stress symptoms preoperative and three months postoperative in patients undergoing spine surgery

Shiban

Lehmberg

Hoffmann

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Growing evidence shows the significance of illness and surgical procedures as traumatizing stressors. Risk factors are widely investigated in various settings and samples, using numerous measures of posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). While pretrauma psychological distress is acknowledged as an influential factor, peritraumatic experiences are controversially still being discussed as relevant to the development of PTSD. Objective: In a group of patients consecutively undergoing elective spine surgery (N = 89) in a German hospital, this longitudinal study addressed the question of how pretrauma PTSD symptoms and peritrauma distress interact with one another in regard to the amount of posttrauma symptoms of PTSD. Methods: Pre- and posttrauma symptoms of PTSD as well as peritrauma distress were assessed through questionnaires one week before, one week after or three months after surgery. Results: Even though all three variables showed significant correlations with one another, mediation analysis revealed that peritrauma distress fully mediated the relationship between pre- and posttrauma PTSD symptoms. Conclusions: These results add new insights to the controversial discussion on the role peritraumatic experiences play in the development of PTSD, especially in medical settings.

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Traumatic Events and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in an Urban Population of Young Adults

Cited by 2,172 publications

References 32 publications

Posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms in children after the Wenchuan earthquake

Posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms in children after the Wenchuan earthquake

Alcohol abuse in individuals exposed to trauma: A critical review.

Peritraumatic distress fully mediates the relationship between posttraumatic stress symptoms preoperative and three months postoperative in patients undergoing spine surgery

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