Traumatic Encephaloceles of the Orbit

King, Arthur B.

doi:10.1001/archopht.1951.01700020054007

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…4 Cranio-orbital injury with severe breakage of the anatomical barrier between the two compartments may result in hernation of arachnoid membrane 25 or even brain tissue (that is, encephalocele), into the orbit. 10,17 In most of the cases, however, the defect allows only CSF leakage. Few authors have reported on cranio-orbital fistulas in which the CSF has remained entrapped within the orbit as orbitocele 25 or in the soft tissues of the eyelid (blepharocele).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and management of posttraumatic oculorrhea

Salame¹,

Segev²,

Fliss³

et al. 2000

FOC

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Posttraumatic cranio-orbital cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula is very rare. Diagnosis of these fistulas may be difficult, and it is possible that this complication of craniofacial injury is underdiagnosed. Early recognition and adequate treatment is of paramount importance to prevent hazardous complications. The authors report the case of a 20-year-old woman in whom a CSF leak developed through the medial canthus area of her eye after she sustained a mild sports-related injury. Clinical examination and chemical analysis of the fluid led to the correct diagnosis, and the leak was stopped with conservative treatment. It is proposed that a CSF leak through the eye be termed “oculorrhea” as compared with otorrhea and rhinorrhea. The mechanism of the fistula in this patient is discussed, as is the pertinent radiologically demonstrated anatomy and the mechanism of injury. Management and controversies are also discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and management of posttraumatic oculorrhea

Salame¹,

Segev²,

Fliss³

et al. 2000

FOC

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“…5 In such situations CSF may remain trapped in the orbit (orbital encephalocele or orbitocele). [6][7][8][9] Rarely, such commu- nication of brain or CSF involves the upper eyelid (blepharocele). [1][2][3][4]10 Blunt injuries of the superior orbital ridge and facial bones as in a Le Forte type II fracture also can cause CSF to collect within the orbit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the orbital roof is injured extensively, the lateral ventricle may be in direct communication with the orbit. 11 Most orbital injuries associated with an orbitocele or blepharocele have been reported in children 1,6,7,9 ; adults are rarely affected. 4 Awareness of the lesion is essential to diagnose the condition, which should be suspected when palpebral swelling fails to resolve.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blepharocele After Head Injury

Bhatoe¹

2004

Skull Base

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“…10 A history of prior surgery, especially if a portion of the orbital roof was removed, places patients at a higher risk for devel-opment of cranio-orbital fistulas from subsequent trauma or surgeries. 23 A major cause of concern for cranio-orbital fistulas is external fluid leakage, as this increases the risk for meningitis or intracranial hypotension. The time course of CSF leakage can be quite variable.…”

Section: Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Surgical Management of Traumatic Cerebrospinal Fluid Oculorrhea: Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature

et al. 2013

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Background Oculorrhea, or cerebrospinal fluid leakage developing from a cranio-orbital fistula, is a rare development following traumatic injury.Case Report A 22-year-old man involved in a motor vehicle accident developed a blowout fracture of the left orbital roof penetrating the frontal lobe, inducing oculorrhea. He underwent a supraorbital craniotomy for removal of the bony fragment and skull base reconstruction using a pericranial flap.Methods A systematic review of the database was performed to identify all prior cases of traumatic oculorrhea.Results Twenty-two reported cases met inclusion criteria for subsequent analysis. Oculorrhea developed due to blunt and penetrating head injury in 14 (64%) and 8 patients (36%), respectively. The most common mechanisms were car accidents, stab wounds, falls, and gunshot wounds. Ocular signs and symptoms—including visual loss, ophthalmoplegia, and pupillary dysfunction—were commonly associated findings. Initial conservative management was successful in four patients. Thirteen patients underwent initial surgical intervention, and three additional patients required operative intervention following failed conservative treatment.Conclusion Although oculorrhea rarely develops following severe orbital trauma, suspicion should nevertheless be maintained to facilitate more prompt diagnosis and management. The decision for conservative versus surgical management often depends on the severity of the fracture and dural injury.

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Traumatic Encephaloceles of the Orbit

Cited by 26 publications

References 1 publication

Diagnosis and management of posttraumatic oculorrhea

Diagnosis and management of posttraumatic oculorrhea

Blepharocele After Head Injury

Diagnosis and Surgical Management of Traumatic Cerebrospinal Fluid Oculorrhea: Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature

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