Traumatic brain injury in mice and pentadecapeptide BPC 157 effect

Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and its effects on a NSAID toxicity model: Diclofenac-induced gastrointestinal, liver, and encephalopathy lesions

“…In fact, we might assume that pentadecapeptide BPC 157 has even more direct CNS beneficial effects and neuroprotective capabilities, as have been described in other studies (Blagaic et al 2004;Boban Blagaic et al 2005;Tohyama et al 2004;Jelovac et al 1998Jelovac et al , 1999Sikiric et al 1999;Tudor et al 2010). In support of this hypothesis, the same BPC 157 dose range (intraperitoneally/intragastrically/locally at the site of anastomosis or directly into the tube) recently was shown to counteract paracetamol-induced hepatic encephalopathy and brain lesions (Ilic et al 2010).…”

“…A well-balanced effect that affects all of the organs equally may define the same effective counteracting dosage range for all combined organs, including the stomach, intestine, liver and brain lesions in the present study. In particular, due to the gastrointestinal (Sikiric et al 2010(Sikiric et al , 1996(Sikiric et al , 1997a(Sikiric et al ,b, 2001Klicek et al 2008;Skorjanec et al 2009;Sever et al 2009;Prkacin et al 2001a), liver (Ilic et al 2010(Ilic et al , 2009Sikiric et al 1993b;Prkacin et al 2001b) and brain (Blagaic et al 2004;Boban Blagaic et al 2005;Tohyama et al 2004;Jelovac et al 1998Jelovac et al , 1999Sikiric et al 1999;Tudor et al 2010) injuries as well as due to the gastric-liver-brain triad lesions after insulin overdose, the breakdown of liver glycogen occurs with profound hypoglycemia (Ilic et al 2009). …”

“…In support of this hypothesis, the same BPC 157 dose range (intraperitoneally/intragastrically/locally at the site of anastomosis or directly into the tube) recently was shown to counteract paracetamol-induced hepatic encephalopathy and brain lesions (Ilic et al 2010). BPC 157 was also shown to directly reduce both immediate and delayed damage induced by brain trauma (Tudor et al 2010), as well as markedly improve sciatic nerve regeneration after transection or after nonanastomozed nerve tubing . BPC 157 counteracted 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) parkinsonian syndrome , neuroleptic catalepsy and somatosensory disturbances, amphetamine stereotypical behavior (Jelovac et al 1998(Jelovac et al , 1999 and antagonized gastrointestinal lesions (Jelovac et al 1999;Sikiric et al 1999) in the animals treated in those experiments.…”

“…It is likely that BPC in both the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract (Sikiric et al 2010(Sikiric et al , 1996(Sikiric et al 1997a(Sikiric et al ,b, 2001Klicek et al 2008;Skorjanec et al 2009;Sever et al 2009) that is stable in human gastric juice and was proven to be effective in inflammatory bowel disease trials (PL 14736) (for review see Sikiric et al 2010) and for various wound treatments (Skorjanec et al, 2009;Sever et al 2009, Sikiric et al 2003Tkalcevic et al 2007) with no toxicity reported (for review see Sikiric et al 2010). It may also affect many disturbances of the central nervous system (Blagaic et al 2004;Boban Blagaic et al 2005;Tohyama et al 2004;Jelovac et al 1998Jelovac et al , 1999Sikiric et al 1999;Tudor et al 2010) and contain various hepatoprotective effects (Ilic et al 2010(Ilic et al , 2009Sikiric et al 1993a;Prkacin et al 2001b). In support of these studies, there is evidence that BPC 157 antagonizes stomach-liver-brain lesions induced by an overdose of insulin (Ilic et al 2009).…”

Mortal Furosemide-Hypokalemia-Disturbances in Rats NO-System Related Shorten Survival by L-NAME. Therapy Benefit with BPC 157 Peptide More Than With L-Arginine

“…Further, this analogy actually conveys in mentioned NO-system-terms cardiac muscle (decreased extracellular potassium: myocardial hyperexcitability with the potential to develop re-entrant arrhythmias) and skeletal muscle (decreased potassium levels in the extracellular space: hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential, a greater than normal stimulus for depolarization of the membrane in order to initiate an action potential) [24]. In support, presenting the general significance of skeletal muscle for plasma potassium homeostasis [31], BPC 157's heart effect [9,10,27] are along with prominent neuroprotective effect [33,34], marked increase of the healing rate of severely damaged skeletal muscles and recovering of their function [35][36][37].…”