Traumatic Brain Injury and Delayed Sequelae: A Review - Traumatic Brain Injury and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (Concussion) are Precursors to Later-Onset Brain Disorders, Including Early-Onset Dementia

Király, Michael A.; Kiraly, Stephen J.

doi:10.1100/tsw.2007.269

Cited by 72 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…The instant or early posttraumatic consequences are monitored and treated after hospital admission; many of them are caused by neurosurgical interventions. Long-term consequences of TBI, or so-called posttraumatic syndrome, was divided to three major categories, physical, cognitive and psychological [17]. The progress of posttraumatic long-term consequences of the above mentioned diseases is unpredictable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Original article Electrospun nanofiber mat as a protector against the consequences of brain injury

Sulejczak¹,

Andrychowski²,

Kowalczyk³

et al. 2014

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Original article Electrospun nanofiber mat as a protector against the consequences of brain injury

Sulejczak¹,

Andrychowski²,

Kowalczyk³

et al. 2014

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“…In addition to the direct impact on brain tissue, the resulting brain oedema and impaired autoregulation of adequate delivery of oxygen in the already insulted neuronal cells causes neuro-inflammation with the release of IL-6 and the binding of protein S-100 to calcium, leading to hypocalcaemia [17,18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypocalcaemia as a Prognostic Factor of Mortality and Morbidity in Moderate and severe Traumatic Brain Injury and its role with Protein S-100b

Luna-Muñoz¹

2017

Journal of Neurological Disorders

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IntroductionThe effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) can result in severe disability or death [1,2] and have an important social and economic impact [1]. The annual direct and indirect costs of TBI amount to roughly 2.5 billion euros [1,3]. MRI performed within the first 8 days after head injury was found to be a reliable predictor of death and moderate/severe disability for patients in coma and on ventilation following TBI, depending on the location of the lesion [4]. Apart from imaging signs, other easy-to-assess early predictors of outcome are lacking. As such, there is an on-going effort to identify biological markers that are closely related to clinical symptoms in order to better predict the outcome after TBI.The recent adoption of high throughput technologies and a change in focus from the identification of single to multiple markers has fostered new optimism in this direction [5][6][7]. Different markers have been studied, particularly bivalent cations such as magnesium (Mg 2+ ) and calcium (Ca 2+ ) [5][6][7]. Of these, calcium seems to play a more important role in TBI [5,8]. A study performed in 2010 compared statins (cholesterol-lowering drugs) as inductors of an anti-inflammatory effect, promoting recovery after moderate/severe TBI. The results showed that patients with a lower serum calcium level on day 3 died earlier than those patients who had a normal serum calcium level on day 3 after TBI. This led to the development of an ambispective study including a total of 122 Mexican patients suffering from moderate/ severe TBI, which showed that hypocalcaemia on day 3 seemed to be a reliable predictor of mortality after TBI, reaching significant levels (P=0.026) [6]. However, morbidity was not assessed. Our objective was to evaluate whether hypocalcaemia of serum ionized calcium (defined as <1.10 mmol/L (4.5 mg/dL) is a prognostic factor for mortality and morbidity (defined as GOS ≤ 3) in early moderate and severe TBI. AbstractIntroduction: The effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) can result in severe disability or death and have an important social and economic impact. Its annual direct and indirect costs amount to roughly 2.5 billion euros. Our objective was to evaluate whether hypocalcaemia of serum ionized calcium (defined as <1.10 mmol/L (4.5 mg/dL) is a prognostic factor for mortality and morbidity (defined as GOS ≤ 3) in early moderate and severe TBI.

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“…Damage to the hippocampus, an area in the medial temporal lobe that is critical for learning and memory, is associated with cognitive deficits that are a hallmark of TBI [8] and pathological changes in this region are also associated with age-related cognitive decline [9]. We previously showed for the first time in hippocampal neurons of young rats that TBI appears to influence stochastic gene expression and thereby affect cell fate [10]; it is not known if TBI has the same effects in aging animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stochastic fluctuations in gene expression in aging hippocampal neurons could be exacerbated by traumatic brain injury

et al. 2015

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a risk factor for age-related dementia and development of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease that are associated with cognitive decline. The exact mechanism for this risk is unknown but we hypothesized that TBI is exacerbating age-related changes in gene expression. Here, we present evidence in an animal model that experimental TBI increases age-related stochastic gene expression. We compared the variability in expression of several genes associated with cell survival or death, among three groups of laser capture microdissected hippocampal neurons from aging rat brains. TBI increased stochastic fluctuations in gene expression in both dying and surviving neurons compared to the naïve neurons. Increases in random, stochastic fluctuations in prosurvival or prodeath gene expression could potentially alter cell survival or cell death pathways in aging neurons after TBI which may lead to age-related cognitive decline.

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Traumatic Brain Injury and Delayed Sequelae: A Review - Traumatic Brain Injury and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (Concussion) are Precursors to Later-Onset Brain Disorders, Including Early-Onset Dementia

Cited by 72 publications

References 82 publications

Original article Electrospun nanofiber mat as a protector against the consequences of brain injury

Original article Electrospun nanofiber mat as a protector against the consequences of brain injury

Hypocalcaemia as a Prognostic Factor of Mortality and Morbidity in Moderate and severe Traumatic Brain Injury and its role with Protein S-100b

Stochastic fluctuations in gene expression in aging hippocampal neurons could be exacerbated by traumatic brain injury

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