Traumatic brain injury among female veterans: a review of sex differences in military neurosurgery

Kim, Lily H.; Quon, Jennifer L.; Sun, Felicia W.; Wortman, Kristen; Adamson, Maheen M.; Harris, Odette A.

doi:10.3171/2018.9.focus18369

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Research demonstrates that rates of TBI are higher for men than women in both veteran (Morissette et al., 2011 ) and civilian populations (Bruns & Hauser, 2003 ; Frost et al., 2013 ; Mollayeva et al., 2018 ). Despite higher rates of TBI among men, women with deployment‐related mild TBI typically report more neurobehavioral symptoms than men, such as higher levels of depressive symptom severity and suicidality (Amoroso & Iverson, 2017 ; Cogan et al., 2019; Epstein et al., 2019 ; Farace & Alves, 2000 ; Hoge et al., 2008 ; Iverson et al., 2011 ; Kim et al., 2018 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Gender differences in disorders comorbid with posttraumatic stress disorder among U.S. Sailors and Marines

Walter

Levine

Madra

et al. 2022

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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Psychological comorbidity, the co‐occurrence of mental health disorders, is more often the rule than the exception among individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research shows that prevalence estimates for specific psychological disorders differ by gender; however, little is known about whether these patterns persist in the presence of a comorbid PTSD diagnosis. This study examined gender differences in prevalence estimates for conditions comorbid with PTSD using medical records for 523,626 active duty U.S. Sailors and Marines who entered the military over an 8‐year period. Using chi‐square tests of independence, we detected statistically significant gender differences for specific comorbid conditions in the subsample of 9,447 service members with a PTSD diagnosis. Women were more likely than men to have PTSD with comorbid adjustment, OR = 1.35; depressive, OR = 1.71; and generalized anxiety or other anxiety disorders, OR = 1.16, with the largest effects for eating, OR = 12.60, and personality disorders, OR = 2.97. In contrast, women were less likely than men to have a diagnosis of PTSD with comorbid alcohol use, OR = 0.69, and drug use disorders, OR = 0.72, with the largest effects for insomnia, OR = 0.42, and traumatic brain injury, OR = 0.17. No significant gender differences emerged for comorbid bipolar, obsessive–compulsive, panic/phobic, psychotic, or somatoform/dissociative disorders, ps = .029–.314. The results show gender differences in conditions comorbid with PTSD generally align with internalizing and externalizing dimensions. Differences in comorbidities with PTSD between women and men could have implications for treatment development and delivery.

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confidence: 99%

Gender differences in disorders comorbid with posttraumatic stress disorder among U.S. Sailors and Marines

Walter

Levine

Madra

et al. 2022

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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“…It is well established in the literature that service women and released or retired women Veterans face distinct sex-and gender-specific risks for injuries and illnesses. 13 The reviewed research on women Veterans covers a long list of concerns: posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 38,39 depression, 40,41 selfharm and suicide, 42,43 eating disorders, 44,45 insomnia, 46,47 chronic pain conditions, 48,49 reproductive health, 50,51 sexual health, 52,53 traumatic brain injuries, 54,55 musculoskeletal conditions, 56,57 cardiovascular conditions, 58,59 irritable bowel syndrome, 60 cancer, 61,62 diabetes, 63,64 and more. Increasingly, the research recognizes the complex multi-factorial nature of women Veterans' health challenges by addressing correlates between mental and physical health conditions and delineating links to military-related factors.…”

Section: Challenges Faced By Women and Other Historically Under-represented Veteransmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mind the gap: Sex, gender, and intersectionality in military-to-civilian transitions

EichlerMaya

Smith-EvansKimberley

SpannerLeigh

et al. 2021

Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health

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LAY SUMMARY The authors conducted a review of existing research on sex, gender, and intersectionality in relation to military-to-civilian transition (MCT). Extensive international studies and government resources, mostly from the United States, provide insight into the potential vulnerabilities and challenges encountered by historically under-represented military members and Veterans during MCT (i.e., by women, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and other sexual or gender minority, Black, Indigenous, and People of Colour military service members and Veterans). The reviewed sources also highlight government initiatives and tailored programs that exist internationally to address diverse Veteran needs. Canadian research and government initiatives on the topic are limited, and this gap needs to be kept in mind. To support equitable transition outcomes for all Veterans, research as well as policies, programs, and supports need to pay attention to sex and gender as well as intersecting factors such as sexuality, race, Indigeneity, and more.

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“…A systematic review of veteran patients with TBI showed that, compared with men, women were less likely to suffer from TBI, and the incidence of emergency craniectomy was also lower. However, data regarding the incidence difference of long-term post TBI syndrome in male and female service members are still inadequate [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Military traumatic brain injury: a challenge straddling neurology and psychiatry

Kong

Zhang

et al. 2022

Military Med Res

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Military psychiatry, a new subcategory of psychiatry, has become an invaluable, intangible effect of the war. In this review, we begin by examining related military research, summarizing the related epidemiological data, neuropathology, and the research achievements of diagnosis and treatment technology, and discussing its comorbidity and sequelae. To date, advances in neuroimaging and molecular biology have greatly boosted the studies on military traumatic brain injury (TBI). In particular, in terms of pathophysiological mechanisms, several preclinical studies have identified abnormal protein accumulation, blood–brain barrier damage, and brain metabolism abnormalities involved in the development of TBI. As an important concept in the field of psychiatry, TBI is based on organic injury, which is largely different from many other mental disorders. Therefore, military TBI is both neuropathic and psychopathic, and is an emerging challenge at the intersection of neurology and psychiatry.

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Traumatic brain injury among female veterans: a review of sex differences in military neurosurgery

Cited by 21 publications

References 68 publications

Gender differences in disorders comorbid with posttraumatic stress disorder among U.S. Sailors and Marines

Gender differences in disorders comorbid with posttraumatic stress disorder among U.S. Sailors and Marines

Mind the gap: Sex, gender, and intersectionality in military-to-civilian transitions

Military traumatic brain injury: a challenge straddling neurology and psychiatry

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