Traumatic brain injury

Association of theAPOE-ε4allele with outcome of traumatic brain injury in children and youth: a meta-analysis and meta-regression

“…Neuroplasticity is the response of the brain to stimulations from new environmental conditions. Excessive stimulations of certain pathways, which may occur following TBI, can promote abnormal changes in plasticity mechanisms such as neurotransmission or protein expressions, which can interfere with normal cognitive development 61 62. This would be particularly evident in paediatric TBI since the brain is most actively developing and changing during the childhood years.…”

Rapid neuroinflammatory response localized to injured neurons after diffuse traumatic brain injury in swine

“…Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health and socioeconomic problem, with over 1.7 million individuals afflicted each year and over 5 million exhibiting chronic neurological deficits in the U.S. alone (Faul M, Xu L, Wald MM, 2010; Hyder et al, 2007; Langlois et al, 2006). Even so-called “mild” TBI – otherwise known as concussion – may lead to cognitive disruptions immediately post-injury as well as persistent neurological deficits likely resulting from disruption of neuronal circuitry (De Kruijk et al, 2001; De Monte et al, 2006; Leininger et al, 1990; Wolf and Koch, 2016).…”

“…Previously, murine CNS injury models indicated that microglia react to laser ablation within minutes of the initial insult (Davalos et al, 2005; Dibaj et al, 2010). It remains unclear if a similar phenomenon occurs following closed-head (i.e., non-penetrating) TBI generally resulting from falls, collisions and/or blunt impacts (Coronado et al, 2012; Faul M, Xu L, Wald MM, 2010; Langlois et al, 2006). Indeed, the vast majority of clinical TBIs are closed-head injuries caused by a sudden jolt or blow to the head, resulting in rapid rotational velocity/acceleration (inertial loading) and diffuse strain fields throughout the brain (Adams et al, 1989; Ommaya and Gennarelli, 1974; Povlishock, 1992; Smith and Meaney, 2000).…”

Medical Management of the Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Patient

“…In 2010, the CDC estimated that 1.7 million Americans sustain a TBI annually, with TBI contributing to as much as one-third of all injury-related US deaths [1]. In the US, falls are the leading cause of TBI-related emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations, with over half a million visits and 60,000 hospitalizations per year [1]. Motor vehicle accidents are responsible for most of the TBI-related deaths among young adults [1].…”

“…In the US, falls are the leading cause of TBI-related emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations, with over half a million visits and 60,000 hospitalizations per year [1]. Motor vehicle accidents are responsible for most of the TBI-related deaths among young adults [1]. Similarly, in European countries, falls and motor vehicle accidents are the first and second most prevalent causes of TBI [2]; the inverse is true in Asia, with motor vehicle accidents leading over falls [3].…”