Traumatic Bone Cyst of the Mandible; Diagnostic Challenge and Management a Case Report

Abstract

The traumatic bone (TBC) cyst is an uncommon benign empty or fluid containing cavity within bone that is not lined by epithelium. The etiopathogenesis of TBC is still unknown. TBC is frequently encountered in young patients during the second and third decades of life. Sex predilection is equal but some studies in literature suggest clear female predominance. Body of the mandible between the canine and the third molar is the most common site (75%) in head and neck region followed by mandibular symphysis. The cysts are usually asymptomatic. Associated teeth are usually vital with no resorption or displacement. It expands the cortices and, seldom, intraoral or extra oral swelling may be seen. Most of the TBCs are diagnosed incidentally in orthopantomogram (OPG). On radiographic examination, a unilocular irregular but well defined lytic lesion is seen characteristically extending between the roots of the teeth. TBC is representing approximately 1% of all jaw cysts. A final diagnosis of a TBC is almost invariably made at the time of surgery, where in identification of an empty air-filled cavity serves as a valuable diagnostic tool. Surgical exploration was proved not only essential in making the right diagnosis but also curative from a treatment plan perspective. Recurrence of TBC is assumed to be extremely rare. However, a distinct proportion of recurrences may occur.