Traumatic and Iatrogenic Retrobulbar Hemorrhage: An 8-Patient Series

Colletti, Giacomo; Valassina, Davide; Rabbiosi, Dimitri; Pedrazzoli, M.; Felisati, Giovanni; Rossetti, Luca; Biglioli, Federico; Autelitano, Luca

doi:10.1016/j.joms.2012.05.007

Cited by 34 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Prompt administration of high doses of steroids, bedside canthotomy and cantholysis and, if needed, lateral and/or medial wall decompression, must be carried out within 120 minutes to preserve sight. 26,27 We observed 1 (2%) paradoxical embolism, 14 because of a patent foramen ovale. This is a very rare complication; according to a 2012 review 28 from 1994 to 2014, there have been only 13 published patients of paradoxical embolism, and in most patients, a patent foramen ovale was present.…”

Section: Orbital Compartment Syndromementioning

confidence: 76%

Complications After Treatment of Head and Neck Venous Malformations With Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate Foam

Colletti

Deganello

Bardazzi³

et al. 2017

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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ô#and Francesco Stillo, MD ÃÃ Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate complications in patients with head and neck venous malformations (VMs) treated with foam sclerotherapy using sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS). Methods: The authors retrospectively evaluated the complications, pain. and degree of satisfaction in 69 consecutive patients affected by cervicofacial VM managed with STS using the Tessari method in a single institution. Results: The average number of procedures for each patient was 2.1. The most frequent complication was blistering. We observed 1 patient of temporary weakness of a facial nerve branch, 1 paradoxical embolism, and 1 orbital compartment syndrome.The average pain score was 0 (no pain at all) (51.5%). There was no statistically significant correlation between patient satisfaction and the presence of complications or the degree of pain. Conclusions: Sclerotherapy with STS is an effective treatment that yields to very high patient satisfaction. This procedure has an overall low complication rate and is usually effective within a few sessions. However, severe complications may occur; these must be pointed out in the informed consent and the surgeon must be aware of and ready to quickly treat them to prevent long-term sequelae.Key Words: complication, endovascular, sclerotherapy, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, vascular malformation, venous malformation V ascular malformations are developmental abnormalities of the vascular tree present from birth. They are classified based on the vessel type (capillary, venous, lymphatic, and arteriovenous) or on their rheologic characteristics (slow-flow or fast-flow).1 Venous malformations (VMs) are the most common vascular malformation, and their treatment remains very challenging.2 Forty percent to 60% of all VMs involve the head and neck area. Symptoms may vary and include cosmetic complaints, pain, swelling, and functional limitations. Frequently, localized intravascular coagulopathy 3-5 can take place in larger VMs and will worsen signs and symptoms. In more ''benign'' patients, symptoms can be so mild that no treatment is needed, with the exception of conservative measures; in other patient, symptoms are so severe that >1 treatment can be needed and the approach has to be increasingly invasive. [6][7][8] There are several options to treat VMs and these include sclerotherapy, surgery, or laser. 9 Overall, many descriptive studies are present in the literature regarding sclerotherapy. However, most focus on technical procedural aspects or short-term results only. The conclusion in many articles is that VMs are difficult to treat and that most patients require multiple therapeutic sessions before a clinically relevant effect is obtained.Many sclerosants such as ethanol, jellified ethanol, bleomycin, polidocanol, or sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) are available, and they show an effectiveness of 74%, 89%, 88%, 90%, and 86%, respectively, according to a recent analysis. 6 Ethanol is one of the most commonly used, and is a potent agent for all types of va...

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Section: Orbital Compartment Syndromementioning

confidence: 76%

Complications After Treatment of Head and Neck Venous Malformations With Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate Foam

Colletti

Deganello

Bardazzi³

et al. 2017

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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“…In general, patients treated before the 2 h from the symptoms start achieve a final Snellen visual acuity of 6/12 or better, almost 15% reach a final outcome of less than 6/12 [2,. Outcomes in patients treated after more than 2 h are worst and almost 25% of them reach final visual acuity of 6/12 or better [5,15,20,23,24,28,29,[31][32][33][34][35][36]55]. In those cases, who reached a visual acuity of 6/12 or better even if treated after 2 h, it should be clarified that more than 50% of them presented a visual acuity of 6/12 or better at the admission.…”

Section: Orbital Compartment Syndromementioning

confidence: 95%

Timing of surgical intervention for compartment syndrome in different body region: systematic review of the literature

et al. 2020

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Compartment syndrome can occur in many body regions and may range from homeostasis asymptomatic alterations to severe, life-threatening conditions. Surgical intervention to decompress affected organs or area of the body is often the only effective treatment, although evidences to assess the best timing of intervention are lacking. Present paper systematically reviewed the literature stratifying timings according to the compartmental syndromes which may beneficiate from immediate, early, delayed, or prophylactic surgical decompression. Timing of decompression have been stratified into four categories: (1) immediate decompression for those compartmental syndromes whose missed therapy would rapidly lead to patient death or extreme disability, (2) early decompression with the time burden of 3–12 h and in any case before clinical signs of irreversible deterioration, (3) delayed decompression identified with decompression performed after 12 h or after signs of clinical deterioration has occurred, and (4) prophylactic decompression in those situations where high incidence of compartment syndrome is expected after a specific causative event.

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“…Clinically, most patients treated within 2 hours will achieve a final Snellen visual acuity better than 6/12, though approximately 15% will be worse than 6/12 7,13,18,22,29,35,36,40,49,52,53,55–66. Patients treated after 2 hours have poorer reported outcomes with approximately 25% of patients reaching a final visual acuity of 6/12 or better 1,7,19,24,44,47,48,50,51,53,60,64,65,67–71. For those cases who achieve a favorable visual acuity despite being treated after 2 hrs, more than 50% had a presenting acuity of 6/12 or better.…”

Section: Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Orbital Compartment Syndrome: An Update With Review Of The Literature</p>

McCallum¹,

Keren²,

Lapira³

et al. 2019

OPTH

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Orbital compartment syndrome (OCS) is a potentially blinding condition characterized by a rapid increase in intra-orbital pressure. OCS is most commonly seen in the context of intra-orbital hemorrhage secondary to either trauma or surgery. A review of the literature indicates that better visual outcomes are achieved when interventions occur within the first 2 hrs. There are reports of visual recovery after a delay in management and consideration should be given to intervention even when presentation is delayed. Reported interventions include: lateral canthotomy with cantholysis, bony orbital decompression and treatment of the underlying cause.

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Traumatic and Iatrogenic Retrobulbar Hemorrhage: An 8-Patient Series

Cited by 34 publications

References 24 publications

Complications After Treatment of Head and Neck Venous Malformations With Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate Foam

Complications After Treatment of Head and Neck Venous Malformations With Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate Foam

Timing of surgical intervention for compartment syndrome in different body region: systematic review of the literature

<p>Orbital Compartment Syndrome: An Update With Review Of The Literature</p>

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