Trauma, Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Associated Problems Among Incarcerated Veterans

Saxon, Andrew J.; Davis, Tania M.; Sloan, Kevin L.; McKnight, Katherine; McFall, Miles; Kivlahan, Daniel R.

doi:10.1176/appi.ps.52.7.959

Cited by 107 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Although, it is impossible to tell from the data the degree to which the mental illnesses found among veterans in the samples were associated with combat exposure, this finding is consistent with past research which suggests that mental illnesses resulting from combat exposure may increase veterans risk of incarceration [20,21,23,29]. We lacked data on substance abuse, which is likely to be a highly significant unmeasured risk factor for incarceration, since new drug laws sharply increased the risk of incarceration related to drug use [53][54][55].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Mental illness can be a risk factor for incarceration mediated by resultant, poverty, social isolation, and anti-social behavioral dyscontrol [39][40][41][42]. More specifically, as mentioned in the introduction, mental illnesses related to combat exposure, such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has been reported to put veterans at increased risk for incarceration [17,20,21,23,29]. A dichotomous indicator of whether the veteran had a physical disability was coded as one in both data sets if the veteran reported that they had any disabling health condition.…”

Section: Health Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mental Health and Other Risk Factors for Jail Incarceration Among Male Veterans

Greenberg

Rosenheck

2009

Psychiatr Q

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Data derived from the 2002 Survey of Inmates in Local Jails and the 2000 National Survey of Veterans show that having mental health problems in addition to such sociodemographic characteristics as being a member of a minority group, not being married, having less education, and being younger are risk factors for incarceration among veterans, as they are for the general population. As in previous studies veterans who served during the Vietnam Era and to an even greater extent, those who served in the early years of the All Volunteer Force were at greater risk of incarceration than veterans from the most recent period of the AVF, after controlling for age and other factors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Health Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health and Other Risk Factors for Jail Incarceration Among Male Veterans

Greenberg

Rosenheck

2009

Psychiatr Q

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“…Some recent research has suggested that trauma and combat exposure, PTSD symptoms, substance abuse, and post deployment adjustment problems may be positive predictors of incarceration for veterans (e.g., supportive of the Violent Veteran Model; McGuire et al, 2003;Saxon et al, 2001;Yager, Laufer, & Gallops, 1984). More generally, Abramson (1972) and others have argued that the "criminalization" of mental illness has resulted in jails and prisons becoming the primary housing facilities for the mentally ill (see also Teplin, 1983Teplin, , 1984Teplin, , 1985, which would include veterans suffering from such problems.…”

Section: The Link Between Military Service Combat-related Problems Amentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hero’s Welcome? Exploring the Prevalence and Problems of Military Veterans in the Arrestee Population

et al. 2011

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The potential for veterans to end up in the criminal justice system as a result of physical and psychological problems that may be combat-related has generated much interest, illustrated most recently by the development of specialized veterans' courts. However, little is known about how often veterans are arrested and incarcerated, the nature of their problems, or the extent to which their military service has contributed to their criminality. Using interview data from 2,102 arrestees booked in Maricopa County (AZ) during 2009, this paper examines the problems and prior experiences of arrested military veterans and compares veteran and non-veteran arrestees along a range of measures. Results indicate that veterans comprise 6.3% of the arrestee population, and that more than 50% of veterans report suffering from at least one combat-related problem including physical injury, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), other mental health problems, and substance abuse. Multivariate analysis indicates that veteran arrestees differ from non-veterans on a number of key measures, most notably more frequent arrests for violent offenses and greater use of crack cocaine and opiates. The paper concludes with a discussion of implications for the potential link between military service and criminality as well as for criminal justice policy and practice.

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“…Studies also support onset of addiction as a significant predictor of a history of CT when combat-related PTSD has been diagnosed. 35,36) Childhood trauma+combat-exposure→PTSD addiction These studies suggest delayed onset of addiction that is triggered by additional insult to the RegP leading to PTSD, that perhaps overloaded remaining resiliency traits that had previously defended the RewP. Readily available addictive substances and/or environmental cueing (other veterans using) were likely contributing factors to initiation of addictive substances.…”

Section: Childhood Trauma and The Regulatory And Reward Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 97%

Origins of Addiction Predictably Embedded in Childhood Trauma: A Neurobiological Review

Wiet

2017

J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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The seeds of addiction are typically sown years prior to the onset of addictive substance use or engagement in addictive behaviors, due to the priming of the reward pathway (RewP) by alterations in the mechanism of stress-signaling from the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and related pathways. Excessive stress from a single-event and/or cumulative life experiences during childhood, such as those documented in the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study, is translated into neurobiological toxicity that alters the set-point of the HPA axis and limbic system homeostasis [suggested new term: regulation pathway (RegP)]. The resultant alteration of the RegP not only increases the risk for psychiatric and physical illness, but also that for early onset and chronic addictions by dysregulating the RewP. This paper reviews the interface of these symbiotic pathways that result in the phenotypic pathology of emotional dysregulation, cognitive impairment, and compulsive behaviors, as well as morbidity and shorter life expectancy when dysregulated by chronic stress.

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Trauma, Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Associated Problems Among Incarcerated Veterans

Abstract: The findings encourage the development of an improved treatment model to keep jailed veterans with PTSD from repeated incarceration.

Cited by 107 publications

References 24 publications

Mental Health and Other Risk Factors for Jail Incarceration Among Male Veterans

Mental Health and Other Risk Factors for Jail Incarceration Among Male Veterans

A Hero’s Welcome? Exploring the Prevalence and Problems of Military Veterans in the Arrestee Population

Origins of Addiction Predictably Embedded in Childhood Trauma: A Neurobiological Review

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