Trauma-related Symptoms after Violent Crime: The Role of Risk Factors before, during and Eight Months after Victimization

Abstract

Abstract:The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of current suffering and the role of peritraumatic emotions and other risk factors for development of post-traumatic and general symptoms eight months post crime. Questionnaires assessing trauma-specific symptoms (HTQ) and general psychiatric symptoms (SCL-90) was used along with a semistructured interview covering subjective reactions of 41 civilian victims of interpersonal crime. Victims proved to still be suffering, in varying degrees, from post-traumatic symptoms and other psychological distress. Females reported more trauma-specific symptoms and other comorbid conditions than males. Prior trauma, adverse childhood, being female, previous psychiatric history, and unemployment were all associated with more distress. Peritraumatic reactions (especially secondary emotions following cognitive appraisals after the event) predicted the three core PTSD symptoms and comorbid conditions. Apart from the PTSD symptoms, an assessment of background factors, general psychiatric symptoms, peritraumatic emotions and their cognitive associated scripts in the initial post-trauma period could be helpful in identifying victims who are at risk of developing trauma symptoms.

Distress after a Single Violent Crime: How Shame-Proneness and Event-Related Shame Work Together as Risk Factors for Post-Victimization Symptoms

“…the mean scores for the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire were somewhat higher for women compared to men, which is consistent with previous research (e.g., Stein, walker, & forde, 2000;Andrews, et al, 2003;Semb, Henningsson, fransson, & Sundbom, 2009). However, the group did not differ from a Swedish normative sample on the Test of Self-Conscious Affect profile.…”