Trauma por acidente de trânsito no idoso: fatores de risco e consequências

Abstract

A Deus, por ter me concedido serenidade nos momentos difíceis, tornando possível a conclusão deste trabalho.A minha família, esposo, filhos e neto por compreenderem os momentos de ausência e pelo apoio constante e incondicional. Vocês são a razão da minha vida. A Universidade Federal do Piauí por possibilitar a realização do Curso de DoutoradoInterinstitucional. A Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, na pessoa da Secretária Lilian Martins; a Direção Geral e Gerência de Enfermagem do Hospital Getúlio Vargas por terem possibilitado o afastamento para a realização do Curso de Doutorado. A todos os Professores do Departamento de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Piauí por aceitarem o afastamento para a realização do estágio doutoral. Ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem Fundamental da Escola de Enfermagem deRibeirão Preto, da Universidade de São Paulo, por me proporcionar uma formação de excelência. Healthcare toward aged people is presently deemed to be a priority, as the aging process stands out as a world challenge. The occurrence of traumas has been increasingly observed in this population and traffic accidents are one of the most frequent sources of such events. The aim of the present longitudinal, retrospective study was to assess trauma by traffic accident in elderly people cared for at a municipal hospital, a reference in emergency health care services, in 2010 and 2011. The study was carried out at an emergency reference hospital and at a Transit Crime Repression Precinct. The study was composed of 524 aged people. Data were collected from medical records, emergency care reports, official traffic accident reports, and police reports with the application of forms validated by trauma experts. A descriptive analysis was carried out to all variables, including position and dispersion scales of measurement for all quantitative variables. The spatial analysis employed the Moran Local Statistics and the Kernel density estimate. The relative risk tool was used as a correlation measurement to assess accident risk, trauma and death. From the total amount of 524 injured elderly people, characterized by the mean of 67.5 years of age, 69.1% were men; 66.9% were married; and 65.3% had completed elementary school. Among the injured people, 78.6% presented trauma, being 34.9% pedestrians; in 27.2% of the accidents, the motorcycle was the type of vehicle involved. Lower limbs were reported as the most injured body parts in the accidents, corresponding to 24.1%. Among the consequences, 47.7% were counted to be immobilization processes. Orthopedic surgeries responded to 26.1% of procedures. Hospital discharge represented 83.2% in the total number of people leaving the hospital. From all researched accidents, 92.5% did not present casualties, and 56.2% of recorded deaths occurred to people between 60 and 69 years of age. From these, 59.7% were pedestrians, and 47.3% took place in the emergency room, being 28.3% caused by traumatic brain injury. Spatial analysis showed that the deaths were mostly recorded in urban areas, at...