Trauma-informed supervision: Historical antecedents, current practice, and future directions

Trauma‐Informed Supervision: Clinical Supervision of Substance Use Disorder Counselors

“…Jordan () described vicarious trauma as the result of counselor “empathic engagement” (p. 128), thus allowing the counselor to experience the emotions of the trauma survivor. Knight () stated that vicarious trauma creates a cognitive shift that affects the counselor's worldview. Similarly, Baird and Kracen () noted that vicarious trauma can significantly shift the way that counselors view themselves, others (including clients), and the world in general.…”

“…TIS mirrors the tenets of TIP (see Figure ), a model of practice that addresses trauma‐related symptoms with all clients to promote best practices for client care (Berger & Quiros, ; Knight, ; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration [SAMHSA], , ). Therefore, clinical supervisors who provide TIS, in addition to basic competency in conducting clinical supervision, must also possess foundational knowledge of the impact of trauma on clients, awareness of the effects of indirect trauma, and the core tenets of TIP (Knight, ). TIS is frequently used as a supplement to other clinical supervision models.…”

“…Knight () detailed how TIS can be seamlessly incorporated into Bernard and Goodyear's () discrimination model in which the supervisor assumes teacher, consultant, and counselor roles at various times throughout the clinical supervision relationship. Within this context, Knight () proposed a TIS supervisor would provide education and training on TIP to a new supervisee. The TIS supervisor would assume a consultancy role after a supervisee has gained some competence in providing TIP, and the TIS supervisor would encourage the supervisee to critically analyze his or her TIP work.…”

“…The TIS supervisor would assume a consultancy role after a supervisee has gained some competence in providing TIP, and the TIS supervisor would encourage the supervisee to critically analyze his or her TIP work. Finally, Knight () suggested that the TIS supervisor would continuously assume a counselor role in the supervisory relationship to promote supervisees' self‐reflection and awareness of their own reactions and feelings to the trauma experienced by their clients.…”

The relationship of the professional quality of life and coping strategies of staff and volunteers working with refugees in resettlement

“…These agencies can promote activities that enhance a better quality of life by teaching, training, and equipping its staff and volunteers to hone the skills to master the coping strategies that increase compassion satisfaction and decrease vulnerability to professional burnout (Newell & MacNeil, 2010). The openness to the infusion of teaching material that deals with trauma will facilitate the breaking of the conspiracy of silence which perpetuates CF (Knight, 2018).…”