Trauma and Police Violence: Issues and Implications for Mental Health Professionals

Klein, Edwin J.; Lopez, William D.

doi:10.1007/s11013-020-09707-0

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Reducing police violence will allow more funding for public health approaches to violence reduction, such as Cure Violence, which has been shown to be an effective violence reduction strategy [32]. Further, studies have shown that communities that experience police violence may later struggle with negative outcomes (e.g., PTSD, substance abuse); therefore, disseminating public health resources to these communities in the aftermath of such incidents may ameliorate the negative consequences of such trauma [4,33]. In the aftermath of police violence, the historically strained relationship between police and communities of color [34] will worsen and potentially negatively affect police-community relationships, which may contribute to greater under-reporting of crime by residents of minority communities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

City-Wide Firearm Violence Spikes in Minneapolis following the Murder of George Floyd: A Comparative Time-Series Analysis of Three Cities

2022

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This study investigates the aftermath of a high-profile violent police incident as it relates to city-wide firearm violence. Utilizing two Midwest cities (Kansas City, Missouri and Omaha, Nebraska) as comparison cities, we assess whether violent firearm incidents increased in Minneapolis after the murder of George Floyd. Multiple interrupted time-series analyses showed statistically significant increases in weekly firearm incidents in Minneapolis (AME = 10.63, p < 0.05) and Omaha (AME = 1.47, p < 0.5) following the murder of George Floyd. No significant results were found in Kansas City. Similar relationships were found when examining monthly firearm incidents. The firearm spike in Minneapolis thus represents an approximate 10-fold increase in weekly firearm incidents relative to that observed in Omaha. We conclude, therefore, that the murder of George Floyd was associated with a substantially greater increase in firearm violence in Minneapolis than in the two comparison cities. Police training to reduce police violence and public health approaches to reduce urban firearm violence will alleviate the social and economic impacts of violence on federal and state governments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

City-Wide Firearm Violence Spikes in Minneapolis following the Murder of George Floyd: A Comparative Time-Series Analysis of Three Cities

2022

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“…We employed community-based participatory research (CBPR), an approach to research addressing the concerns and needs salient to marginalized communities (Zimmerman, 2021 ). CBPR advocates for equitable distribution of power, shared learning, knowledge co-creation, community-based decision-making, and culturally sensitive resource sharing among community and academic partners (Minkler & Wallerstein, 2008 ; van de Sande & Schwartz, 2017 ). We applied CBPR principles via convening three engagement teams led by an academic and community investigator partnership to engage Black/African American, Latinx/Indigenous Latin American, and Native American/Indigenous communities.…”

Section: Project Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuum of Trauma: Fear and Mistrust of Institutions in Communities of Color During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Vázquez,

Juturu,

Burroughs

et al. 2023

Cult Med Psychiatry

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Historical, cultural, and social trauma, along with social determinants of health (SDOH), shape health outcomes, attitudes toward medicine, government, and health behaviors among communities of color in the United States (U.S.). This study explores how trauma and fear influence COVID-19 testing and vaccination among Black/African American, Latinx/Indigenous Latin American, and Native American/Indigenous communities. Leveraging community-based participatory research methods, we conducted 11 virtual focus groups from January to March of 2021 with Black/African American (n = 4), Latinx/Indigenous Latin American (n = 4), and Native American/Indigenous (n = 3) identifying community members in Inland Southern California. Our team employed rapid analytic approaches (e.g., template and matrix analysis) to summarize data and identify themes across focus groups and used theories of intersectionality and trauma to meaningfully interpret study findings. Historical, cultural, and social trauma induce fear and mistrust in public health and medical institutions influencing COVID-19 testing and vaccination decisions in communities of color in Inland Southern California. This work showcases the need for culturally and structurally sensitive community-based health interventions that attend to the historical, cultural, and social traumas unique to racial/ethnic minority populations in the U.S. that underlie fear and mistrust of medical, scientific, and governmental institutions.

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“…Both men were Black. Just witnessing the murder of George Floyd on social media has been linked to posttraumatic stress disorder [7,8]. Jarring video evidence also exists for other recent cases including…”

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confidence: 99%

The Health Outcomes of Direct and Witnessed Interactions With the Police: Do Race and Ethnicity Matter?

Posick

Dawson

2021

Journal of Adolescent Health

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The Bureau of Justice Statistics indicates that 61.5 million Americans came into direct contact with the police during 2018. Almost 47% (28.9 million people) of those encounters were initiated by police themselves [1]. Fortunately, the vast majority of those encounters were nonviolent. Violence, particularly lethal violence, is rare. For example, it is estimated that one out of 33,000 people die as the result of police violence. However, one out of 1,000 black men die because of direct encounters with the police, making these violent encounters a leading cause of death among this demographic (especially men between the ages of 20 and 35 years) [2]. Moreover, Blacks are more likely than Whites to believe that violent encounters occur between police officers and citizens indicating that the interpretation of encounters might vary by race and ethnicity [3].While lethal violence is the most severe outcome of interactions with the police, even routine interactions with the police can have profound impacts on an individual. In fact, a burgeoning literature base suggests that encounters with the police can lead to various negative health and behavioral outcomes including psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and suicidal behavior [4,5]. These findings suggest that proactive policing strategies such as stop and frisk may end up having adversediatrogenicdconsequences [6], even if such strategies were originally intended to keep communities safe.In addition to experiencing direct encounters, vicarious or indirect encounters are pervasive in the United States. These indirect encounters can be proximate to the individual and include family and friends or be collective exposures that include images and videos in the media. Far-reaching examples of lethal police violence have made their way into peoples' family rooms. On March 3, 1991, the nation was shocked witnessing the brutal beating of Rodney King by Los Angeles police officers. Nearly 30 years later, on May 25, 2020, the nation witnessed a police officer kneel on George Floyd's neck for over 9 minutesdseveral of those minutes after Floyd lay lifeless. Both men were Black. Just witnessing the murder of George Floyd on social media has been linked to posttraumatic stress disorder [7,8]. Jarring video evidence also exists for other recent cases including

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Trauma and Police Violence: Issues and Implications for Mental Health Professionals

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

City-Wide Firearm Violence Spikes in Minneapolis following the Murder of George Floyd: A Comparative Time-Series Analysis of Three Cities

City-Wide Firearm Violence Spikes in Minneapolis following the Murder of George Floyd: A Comparative Time-Series Analysis of Three Cities

Continuum of Trauma: Fear and Mistrust of Institutions in Communities of Color During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The Health Outcomes of Direct and Witnessed Interactions With the Police: Do Race and Ethnicity Matter?

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