Tratamento cirúrgico das malformações pulmonares congênitas em pacientes pediátricos

Abstract

Objective: To determine the main congenital lung malformations treated and the principal diagnostic methods employed, as well as the indications for surgical treatment and the results obtained, at a referral facility for pediatric thoracic surgery. Methods: We reviewed the medical charts of 52 patients anatomopathologically diagnosed with congenital lung malformations and who had been submitted to pulmonary resection between January of 1997 and December of 2006. Exclusion criteria were age ≥ 12 years and incomplete clinical data. The final sample comprised 35 patients. Results: In this sample, the mean age was 31 months, and there was a predominance of males (n = 21). The anatomopathological findings were cystic adenomatoid malformation (n = 14), congenital lobar emphysema (n = 13), pulmonary sequestration (n = 8) and arteriovenous malformation (n = 1). The most common type of lung resection was left lower lobectomy (in 25.71%) followed by different types of segmentectomy (in 22.85%), left upper lobectomy (in 22.85%), right upper lobectomy (in 14.28%), right lower lobectomy (in 8.57%) and middle lobectomy (in 5.71%). Of the 35 patients, 34 (97.14%) were submitted to closed pleural drainage, with a mean duration of thoracic drainage of 3.9 days. Ten patients (28.5%) presented with postoperative complications. There were no deaths in our sample. Conclusions: Pulmonary resection for the treatment of congenital lung malformations is a safe procedure, presenting low morbidity and no mortality at a referral facility for pediatric thoracic surgery.Keywords: Cystic adenomatoid malformation of lung, congenital; Bronchopulmonary sequestration; Pneumonectomy; Pulmonary surgical procedures; Pulmonary emphysema. ResumoObjetivo: Determinar as principais malformações congênitas pulmonares e os principais métodos diagnósticos utilizados, assim como as indicações de tratamento cirúrgico e os seus resultados em um serviço de referência de cirurgia torácica pediátrica. Métodos: Foram revisados 52 prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico anatomopatológico de malformações congênitas pulmonares e que foram submetidos à ressecção pulmonar entre janeiro de 1997 e dezembro de 2006. Os critérios de exclusão foram idade ≥ 12 anos e dados clínicos incompletos. A amostra final foi composta de 35 pacientes. Resultados: Nesta amostra, a média de idade foi de 31 meses, com predominância do sexo masculino (n = 21). Os achados anatomopatológicos foram malformação adenomatoide cística (n = 14), enfisema lobar congênito (n = 13), sequestro pulmonar (n = 8), e malformação arteriovenosa (n = 1). A ressecção mais comum foi a lobectomia inferior esquerda (25,71%), seguida por diferentes tipos de segmentectomia (22,85%), lobectomia superior esquerda (22,85%), lobectomia superior direita (14,28%), lobectomia inferior direita (8,57%) e lobectomia média (5,71%). Dos 35 pacientes, 34 (97,14%) foram submetidos à drenagem pleural fechada, com tempo médio de permanência do dreno torácico de 3,9 dias. Dez pacientes (28,5%) apresentaram complicações pós...

Congenital lobar emphysema: 30-year case series in two university hospitals

“…( 8 ) However, the literature shows that the surgical treatment of CLE is safe, the morbidity and mortality from the procedure being low in most studies. ( 2 , 17 , 18 ) In our case series, all of the procedures were successful and the surgical approach was lateral muscle-sparing thoracotomy followed by the affected lung being pulled out of the pleural cavity in order to facilitate ventilation. The use of video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy( 29 ) for congenital lung malformations has been reported in the literature; however, this surgical approach is difficult in patients with CLE because the pleural cavity is mostly occupied by the affected lobe (which generally remains inflated), and this makes it difficult to create a pneumothorax with the purpose of creating a virtual cavity.…”

“…The fact that the incidence of CLE is low has been confirmed by studies conducted in Brazil: at a referral facility for pediatric thoracic surgery in the city of Porto Alegre, 13 patients with CLE underwent surgery over a 10-year period,( 17 ) and at a university hospital in the city of São Paulo, 14 patients with CLE underwent surgery over a 35-year period. ( 18 ) Although the diagnosis of CLE can be made by routine chest X-rays, it continues to be delayed; this suggests that the low incidence of CLE and the difficulty in diagnosing the disease in the presence of infection contribute to delayed diagnosis and treatment, resulting in recurrent and frequent complications.…”

“…A baixa incidência de ELC é comprovada por publicações nacionais: em um serviço de referência de cirurgia torácica pediátrica em Porto Alegre (RS) foram operados 13 casos em 10 anos,( 17 ) e em um hospital universitário na cidade de São Paulo (SP) foram operados 14 casos em 35 anos. ( 18 ) Ainda hoje, a demora para se chegar ao diagnóstico, que pode ser feito por uma radiografia simples, sugere que a baixa incidência dessa doença e a dificuldade diagnóstica quando existe infecção corroboram o retardo do diagnóstico e da instituição do tratamento, resultando em complicações recorrentes e frequentes.…”

“…( 8 ) Entretanto, a literatura mostra que o tratamento cirúrgico do ELC é um procedimento seguro, com baixa morbidade e mortalidade na maioria das séries. ( 2 , 17 , 18 ) Em nossa série, todos os procedimentos foram bem sucedidos e realizados através de uma pequena toracotomia lateral poupadora de músculos, seguida de luxação do pulmão doente para fora da cavidade pleural para facilitar a ventilação. A literatura mostra a realização de lobectomia através de videotoracoscopia( 29 ) para malformações pulmonares congênitas; porém, em pacientes com ELC, essa abordagem é dificultada pelo fato de a cavidade pleural já estar bastante ocupada pelo lobo doente, que geralmente permanece insuflado, para que se realize pneumotórax com a finalidade de se criar a cavidade virtual.…”

A survey of recently published cardiovascular, hematological and pneumological original articles in the Brazilian scientific press

“…Their results indicate that early prevention and treatment of conditions associated with cough, as well as the modification of social factors commonly associated with cough, are needed in order to reduce respiratory morbidity. Ferreira et al107 surveyed the main congenital lung malformations treated and the principal diagnostic methods employed, as well as the indications for surgical treatment and the results obtained, at a referral facility for pediatric thoracic surgery. Their analysis shows that pulmonary resection for the treatment of congenital lung malformations is a safe procedure.…”