Trash-talking: Competitive incivility motivates rivalry, performance, and unethical behavior

Intergroup Conflict 2020

“…For instance, though individuals typically avoid harming outgroup members financially when other alternatives are available (De Dreu et al, 2010;Halevy et al, 2008;Halevy, Weisel, & Bornstein, 2012), experiencing relative deprivation increases the propensity of individuals in economically disadvantaged groups to harm members of economically advantaged outgroups financially (Halevy, Chou, Cohen, & Bornstein, 2010). Intergroup situations that involve direct threat to group interests (e.g., war, strike/lockout, sport competitions between rival clubs) may promote both the propensity to harm outgroup members and the perceived appropriateness of publicly displaying hostility toward outgroup members (Bornstein, 2003;Cottrell & Neuberg, 2005;Duckitt & Fisher, 2003;Kilduff, Elfenbein, & Staw, 2010;Weisel & B€ ohm, 2015;Wolf, Insko, Kirchner, & Wildschut, 2008;Yip, Schweitzer, & Nurmohamed, 2018).…”

Estudo experimental da cooperação na análise do comportamento: Buscando integrar aprendizagem, evolução e desenvolvimento

“…A Tabela 3 mostra que há, consistentemente, condições antecedentes manipuladas nos estudos analisados: possibilidade de conversar antes e durante o experimento (Yip, Schweitzer, & Nurmohamed, 2018); informações sobre pertencer ou não a um grupo (Engelmann et al, 2018), ou seja, ser designado a um grupo específico antes de iniciar o experimento (Jordan et al, 2014) ou saber qual a nacionalidade do outro participante ; informações sobre as regras do jogo/tarefa (Parks et al, 2017); informações sobre qual será a escolha de outras pessoas (Gallo & Yan, 2015); perguntas sobre características pessoais do próprio participante antes de iniciar o jogo (Baader & Vostroknutov, 2017); informação sobre a possibilidade de o comportamento ser punido ou não no futuro (Grieco, Faillo, & Zarri, 2017); bem como presença de observadores . Uma mesma categoria nessa tabela pode indicar diferentes manipulações, como a categoria informações sobre o jogo/tarefa, que engloba manipulações que informaram aos participantes sobre a matriz de consequências (Hillenbrand & Winter, 2018), ou se o parceiro de jogo era o computador ou outra pessoa (Cox, Karam, & Murphy, 2017), ou mesmo sobre a quantidade de tentativas do jogo (Krockow, Colman, & Pulford, 2018), entre outras.…”

Rivals When We Work Together: Team Rivalry Effects on Performance in Collaborative Learning Groups

“…Other empirical work suggested that the experience of rivalry promoted unethical behavior in both laboratory and field settings, such as soccer games (Kistruck et al 2016). A laboratory study pointed out that trash-talking can trigger perceptions of rivalry and motivate destructive and unethical behavior hindering creative performance (Yip et al 2018). Behavioral dynamics that characterize rivalry such as the devaluation of others, striving for supremacy, and aggressive reactions should be most detrimental in the context of close intra-team relationships that necessitate mutual respect, equality, and warmth (Back et al 2013).…”

“…Rivalry is conceptualized as a relational construct (Kilduff et al 2010;Kilduff 2014) and considering its behavioral consequences (Kistruck et al 2016;Yip et al 2018), we argue that in collaborative team settings rivalry is included within the specter of negative relations within teams. Negative relations within the team have a damaging effect on performance, because they block communication, reduce interaction instances and create a dysfunctional team environment where team members obstruct each other's task related efforts (de Jong et al 2014).…”

“…Rivalry has received a significant amount of attention in the literature, due to its pairing with competition and its pervasive nature across domains and fields of research and practice. Because of this pairing, previous inquiries of rivalry are typically anchored in studies on competition or competitive situations (Converse and Reinhard 2016;Kilduff et al 2010;Zucchini et al 2018;Yip et al 2018). To our knowledge, there is little evidence in the literature that specifically focuses on rivalry as an antecedent to team performance within collaborative settings.…”