Trapping Rhodamine B dye using functionalized mango (Mangifera indica) pod

Abstract

The use of acid‐modified mango pod (AMMP) sorbent for removing Rhodamine B (Rh‐B) dye from aqueous media was investigated. Raw mango pod (RMP) and AMMP sorbents were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX), powdered X‐ray diffractogram (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), point of zero charge pH (pHpzc), and Boehm titration (BT) techniques. Batch adsorption was employed to examine the influence of operational factors. Sorption kinetic parameters were calculated using pseudo‐first‐order, pseudo‐second‐order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion models. The pseudo‐second‐order model best fitted the adsorption kinetic data most with maximum correlation coefficient (R2 > 0.99). The process of the adsorption was controlled by both boundary layer and intraparticle diffusion mechanisms. Four isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich, and Temkin) were utilized to analyze the equilibrium data at various temperatures. Freundlich model gave the best fit with the maximum regression (0.99), while the Langmuir isotherm model established a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 500 mg g−1. Thermodynamic parameters studied revealed that the interaction is spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The cost analysis of the current study provides convincing proof that AMMP is efficient for removing Rh‐B dye from solution by providing a saving of 225.2 USD/kg, which is eight times cheaper than commercial activated carbon. Consequently, the study revealed that AMMP is a viable, effective, and sustainable sorbent for Rhodamine B dye removal. Practitioner points The powdered X‐ray diffractogram (PXRD) showed the formation of new and intense peaks with the presence of highly organized crystalline structures on acid‐modified mango pod (AMMP). Surface morphology of AMMP showed well‐developed open surface pores required for effective adsorption of Rh B dye molecules. Economic feasibility of the present study showed that AMMP is more affordable than commercial activated carbon that costs USD 259.5/kg, thus translated to a saving cost of USD 225.2/kg and more than 7.5 times cheaper than the commercial activated carbon (CAC).

Adsorptive removal of antibiotic pollutants from wastewater using biomass/biochar-based adsorbents

“… 7 This phenomenon (batch or continuous operations) is based on the interaction between the adsorbate and the adsorbent surface through either physical or chemical bonding processes. 178 There are basically four steps that are involved in adsorption kinetics: bulk transport, film transport, intra-particle transport, and adsorption on the adsorbent. The film transport has been reported to be the determinant of the interboundary rate of molecular diffusion and as such regarded as the rate-controlling step of the adsorption process.…”

Modified biomass adsorbents for removal of organic pollutants: a review of batch and optimization studies

“…The employment of modified mango pod has been investigated in removing Rhodamine B dye from aqueous media at varied operating conditions which include pH (2-9), adsorption contact time (0-120 min), dose of adsorbent (0.1 g), temperature (303-323 K) and initial Rhodamine B dye concentration (200-1000 mg/L) (Bello et al 2021). Adsorption kinetics and isotherm were best described via pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm model, with R 2 of 0.99 (Bello et al 2021).…”

“…with their respective ever rising and continuous demands for different applications (Philippot et al 2015;Ahmad et al 2019;Ibrahim et al 2021;Adegoke et al 2022c, a). Discharge of effluents from these manufacturing and applications industries has led to the discharge of hazardous compounds into the ecosystems (De Gisi et al 2016;Bulgariu et al 2019;Agboola and Bello 2020;Kassegne et al 2020;Li et al 2020;Ahmad et al 2021c;Bello et al 2021). The accumulation and movement of same into water bodies via erosion, drought, etc.…”

“…They are difficult to manage by environmentalists and usually end-up in streams, rivers and oceans thereby endangering the aquatic habitat. Burning these wastes even during dry season causes air pollution and the death of important microbes/biological systems (Bello et al 2017d(Bello et al , 2020c(Bello et al , 2021Ojedokun and Bello 2017a;Bello et al 2019a, b, c;Yu et al 2019;Afolabi et al 2020b;Ahmad et al 2021bAhmad et al , 2022. These abnormalities have inspired researchers worldwide to convert the biomass wastes into important products for water/wastewater treatment.…”

“…One major fascinating strategy is surface modification of the adsorbent thereby resulting in both physical and chemical changes with structural enhancement needed for effective adsorption properties such as higher active sites, higher surface areas, enhanced particle and pores sizes, improved porosities, and pore volumes (Üner et al 2017;Khasri et al 2018;Sham and Notley 2018;Bello et al 2019bBello et al , 2020aAhmad et al 2020). For example, some recent studies conducted using modified biomass-based materials such as Dragon peel (Ahmad et al 2021b), pod of Mangifera indica (Bello et al 2021), lemon grass (Ahmad et al 2019(Ahmad et al , 2021a(Ahmad et al , 2022Putri et al 2020), pomegranate fruit peel (Ahmad et al 2020); leaves of Gmelina aborea (Bello et al 2020a), husks of coconut (Bello et al 2019a), Parkia biglobosa (Bello et al 2019b), bean husk (Bello et al 2017d), Moringa oleifera leaf (Bello et al 2017b, c), guava leaf (Ojedokun and Bello 2017b), berry leaves (Ahmaruzzaman et al 2015), Glossogyne tenuifolia leaves (Yang and Hong 2018), Ficus racemosa (Jain and Gogate 2017c, a), coconut leaves (Cazetta et al 2011;Rashid et al 2018), C. camphora leaves (Tang et al 2017), leaves of plane trees (Gong et al 2013), senescent plant leaves (Gunasekar and Ponnusami 2013), durian leaves (Hussin et al 2015), and bamboo (Ghosh and Bandyopadhyay 2017), Prunus dulcis (Jain and Gogate 2017b) have been reported. They have reported how effective the strategy was for enhancing sorption properties of adsorbents for different organic pollutants removal.…”