Trapping of eV deuterium ions by niobium at glancing incidence

Probability of absorption/implantation of low-energy H2+ ions in O-covered vanadium

“…O on V [5] and Nb [6], C and S on Pd [6]) was found to reduce the absorption probability for thermal atoms from $1 [9] probability a ab (E 0 ) when eV particles bombard the surface covered by light impurity? Is there a deep minimum in a ab (E 0 ) at a few eV with a ab % 1 at lower E 0 , as that is predicted by the trapping probability calculations [1][2][3][4]?…”

“…The subject is known to be rather difficult for investigations, in particular, because of an important role played by chemical composition of the surface at low energies [1][2][3][4]. Information on the reflection/trapping of eV energy particles is mainly obtained from calculations for neutral atoms, with the metal surface described by a uniform planar attractive potential (the 'binding energy') [1][2][3][4]. If such an approach may be acceptable for a clean surface, it is hardly satisfactory for a real surface covered by nonmetallic impurities which exhibits a marked heterogeneity [5,6].…”

“…Sophisticated methods such as glancing-incidence ion beam [7] or heteronuclear ions (e.g. ArD + [3,4]) have been employed to bypass the difficulty. However a substantial specificity of these interesting methods makes the data somewhat ambiguous.…”