Trapping, Detection, and Mass Measurement of Individual Ions in a Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometer

Bruce, James E.; Cheng, Xueheng; Bakhtiar, Ray; Wu, Qi; Hofstadler, Steven A.; Anderson, Gordon A.; Smith, Richard D.

doi:10.1021/ja00096a046

Cited by 95 publications

(79 citation statements)

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“…Smith and co-workers18-20 have employed a 'Y-tube' inlet reactor to study the proton transfer reactivity of disulfide intact and disulfide reduced proteins and the temperature dependence of these reactions. 20 In combination with tandem mass spectrometry, proton transfer reactions have been used to improve the effective mass resolutionZS and to determine the charge state of product ions from their known shift in charge and measured shift in m/z.26- 28 Smith and c~-w o r k e r s~~-~~ have taken advantage of both the remeasurement capabilities of a Fourier transform mass s p e c t r~r n e t e r~~.~~ and the change in charge state observed for individual ions in order to obtain their mass. During the non-destructive detection event, an individual polyethylene glycol ion was found to undergo stepwise loss of an individual charge (presumably Naf) three times over the course of a 60 s transient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton Transfer Reactivity of Large Multiply Charged Ions

1996

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Charge-charge interactions dramatically influence the dissociation and proton transfer reactivity of large multiply protonated ions. In combination with tandem mass spectrometry, proton transfer reactions have been used to determine the charge state of an ion and to increase the effective mass resolution of electrospray ionization mass spectra. A model for the proton transfer reactivity of multiply protonated ions, in which protons are assigned to specific sites in an ion based on the intrinsic reactivity of the site and the sum of point-charge Coulomb interactions between charges, is discussed. In combination with experimentally measured rates of proton transfer to bases of known gas-phase basicity, information about the intramolecular electrostatic interactions, gas-phase ion conformation and maximum charge state of an ion produced by electrospray ionization can be obtained.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton Transfer Reactivity of Large Multiply Charged Ions

1996

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“…Not only their m/z could be precisely measured, but also the charge 'z' could be deduced from its changes occurring during the storage time. 64 Except for 22 monoisotopic elements, most are composed from 2-10 natural isotopes ( Table 2). Three elements essential for organic compounds (H, N, O) show very low natural abundance of heavier isotopes while for others (C, Si, S, Cl, Br) heavier isotopes are more significant.…”

Section: Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

Fourier Transform-Ion Cyclotron Resonance-Mass Spectrometer as a New Tool for Organic Chemists

Pyrek¹

1999

Synlett

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Currently, mass spectral determination of molecular weights and elemental compositions of synthetic products is a common practice. It is aided by truly impressive developments in methods and instrumentation enabling to characterize great variety of compounds including even those of a relatively high molecular weight. Confidence in such measurements, however, depends upon selecting a suitable ionization method, unambiguous identification of a molecular-type ion, and the adequate precision of mass determinations. This review addresses major aspects of the ion formation and analysis with special attention given to the ion-cyclotron resonance. This powerful technique, different in its principle from most other methods of ion analysis, offers a superb combination of ion manipulation and measurement parameters and full compatibility with an array of ionization methods.Key words: mass spectrometry, ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry, ion-cyclotron-resonance, soft ionization, stable isotopes, molecular weight determination. Trapping ions in the ICR-cell 2.3.3.Detection of the trapped ions 2.3.4.Getting ions into the ICR Cell 2.4.Tandem mass spectrometry 2.4.1.Tandem mass spectrometry with magnetic-sectors and quadrupoles 2.4.2.Tandem-MS with FT-ICR-MS 3.Ion formation 3.1. Overview 3.2.Electron impact ionization 3.3.Chemical ionization 3.4.Fast atom bombardment 3.5.Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization 3.6. Cationization 3.7.Electrospray ionization 4.Mass spectrometry and molecular weight determination 4.1.Stable isotopes and molecular ions 4.2.Isotopic depletion and substitution 4.3.High or ultra-high resolution? 4.4.Mass measurement accuracy 4.5.Can molecular weight be unequivocally determined by mass spectrometry? IntroductionMass spectrometry (MS) is the technique that renders mass-to-charge ratios (m/z) and relative intensities of ions formed (with exceptions), separated, and detected in the high vacuum. The remarkable analytical potentials of MS have been immediately recognized by its inventor J. J. Thomson and, in years immediately following the First World War, the detection and precise characterization of isotopes of almost all elements have been achieved employing the very first mass spectrographs and spectrometers. 1 With some delay, however, these seminal discoveries have been followed by a systematic effort to analyze organic compounds. Ever since, thanks to a steady progress in techniques and instrumentation, MS continues to serve in a variety of inorganic and organic applications. Moreover, by gaining truly astonishing capabilities in terms of ionization, mass range, sensitivity, and accuracy, MS methods cover classes of compounds that originally have been considered as entirely unsuitable for such an analysis.2 Still, as exemplified by the recent synthesis of two diterpenoids, 3 synthetic work can be carried out with the complete omission of MS. As a rule, however, MS data are used to confirm MW and to replace elemental analyses of the final reaction products. Only seldom, synthetic p...

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“…Single highly charged ions have also been measured with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) [27–31] and Orbitrap [32,33] instruments. In FT-ICR instruments, the charge state of each ion can be obtained by measuring the ion multiple times after changing its charge, just like with the QIT [27–29]. The signal intensity induced by a single ion can also provide information about its charge state in both FT-MS techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Particle Analyzer of Mass: A Charge Detection Mass Spectrometer with a Multi-Detector Electrostatic Ion Trap

Elliott

Merenbloom

Chakrabarty

et al. 2017

International Journal of Mass Spectrometry

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A new charge detection mass spectrometer that combines array detection and electrostatic ion trapping to repeatedly measure the masses of single ions is described. This instrument has four detector tubes inside an electrostatic ion trap with conical electrodes (cone trap) to provide multiple measurements of an ion on each pass through the trap resulting in a signal gain over a conventional trap with a single detection tube. Simulations of a cone trap and a dual ion mirror trap design indicate that more passes through the trap per unit time are possible with the latter. However, the cone trap has the advantages that ions entering up to 2 mm off the central axis of the trap are still trapped, the trapping time is less sensitive to the background pressure, and only a narrow range of energies are trapped so it can be used for energy selection. The capability of this instrument to obtain information about the molecular weight distributions of heterogeneous high molecular weight samples is demonstrated with 8 MDa polyethylene glycol (PEG) and 50 and 100 nm amine modified polystyrene nanoparticle samples. The measured mass distribution of the PEG sample is centered at 8 MDa. The size distribution obtained from mass measurements of the 100 nm nanoparticle sample is similar to the size distribution obtained from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, but most of the smaller nanoparticles observed in TEM images of the 50 nm nanoparticles do not reach a sufficiently high charge to trigger the trap on a single pass and be detected by the mass spectrometer. With the maximum trapping time set to 100 ms, the charge uncertainty is as low as ±2 charges and the mass uncertainty is approximately 2% for PEG and polystyrene ions.

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Trapping, Detection, and Mass Measurement of Individual Ions in a Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometer

Cited by 95 publications

References 1 publication

Proton Transfer Reactivity of Large Multiply Charged Ions

Proton Transfer Reactivity of Large Multiply Charged Ions

Fourier Transform-Ion Cyclotron Resonance-Mass Spectrometer as a New Tool for Organic Chemists

Single Particle Analyzer of Mass: A Charge Detection Mass Spectrometer with a Multi-Detector Electrostatic Ion Trap

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