Trapped photons at a Dirac point: a new horizon for photonic crystals

Xie, Kang; Jiang, Haiming; Boardman, A. D.; Liu, Yong; Zong-zhi, WU; Xie, Ming; Jiang, Ping; Xu, Quan; Yu, Ming; Davis, L.E.

doi:10.1002/lpor.201300186

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Other types of glasses such as SF6 can also be used to extrude a specially designed fiber 20 . A well-developed Dirac cone has been shown to exist in the in-plane (k z 50) band structure of a photonic crystal consisting of a triangular lattice of air columns in a GaAs substrate (refractive index contrast of 421) 17 . However, the Dirac cone degrades as the refractive index contrast decreases, indicating that a small refractive index contrast is a disadvantage.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pseudo-diffusive transmission in such lattices has been observed 15,16 . A localized mode has also recently been identified at the Dirac frequency 17 . However, the localized mode observed thus far is non-propagating because the solution addressed in Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…However, the localized mode observed thus far is non-propagating because the solution addressed in Ref. 17 is uniform in the longitudinal direction. The most common waveguides based on triangular lattices are photonic crystal fibers [8][9][10] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…This relativistic quantum mechanics model can be adopted to optics by a slight modification to the interpretation of the modal function. In photonic crystals, the wave function y 1,2 / e 6ih /r represents the envelope amplitude of a basis function (Bloch state) 14 , and the basis wave function intrinsic to a cylindrical geometry is a cylindrical wave function 17 w / J 0 (Kr), where K54p/(3a). Therefore, at the Dirac frequency, the physical quantities E z and H z in the photonic crystal are characterized by J 0 (Kr)e 6ih /r.…”

Section: Physical Mechanism Of the Light Guiding At The Dirac Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Photonic crystals have been studied extensively for their bandgap 1 and special in-band dispersion effects such as negative refraction 13 . However, another really interesting feature of photonic crystals is the Dirac points that appear at corners of the Brillouin zone [14][15][16][17] . A Dirac point, as illustrated in Figure 1, is a conical singularity surrounded by a region of linear dispersion in the band structure of triangular, hexagonal, or kagome lattices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fiber guiding at the Dirac frequency beyond photonic bandgaps

et al. 2015

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Light trapping within waveguides is a key practice of modern optics, both scientifically and technologically. Photonic crystal fibers traditionally rely on total internal reflection (index-guiding fibers) or a photonic bandgap (photonic-bandgap fibers) to achieve field confinement. Here, we report the discovery of a new light trapping within fibers by the so-called Dirac point of photonic band structures. Our analysis reveals that the Dirac point can establish suppression of radiation losses and consequently a novel guided mode for propagation in photonic crystal fibers. What is known as the Dirac point is a conical singularity of a photonic band structure where wave motion obeys the famous Dirac equation. We find the unexpected phenomenon of wave localization at this point beyond photonic bandgaps. This guiding relies on the Dirac point rather than total internal reflection or photonic bandgaps, thus providing a sort of advancement in conceptual understanding over the traditional fiber guiding. The result presented here demonstrates the discovery of a new type of photonic crystal fibers, with unique characteristics that could lead to new applications in fiber sensors and lasers. The Dirac equation is a special symbol of relativistic quantum mechanics. Because of the similarity between band structures of a solid and a photonic crystal, the discovery of the Dirac-point-induced wave trapping in photonic crystals could provide novel insights into many relativistic quantum effects of the transport phenomena of photons, phonons, and electrons.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Physical Mechanism Of the Light Guiding At The Dirac Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fiber guiding at the Dirac frequency beyond photonic bandgaps

et al. 2015

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Accidental Double Dirac Cones and Robust Edge States in Topological Anisotropic Photonic Crystals

Chen

Deng

Zhao

et al. 2018

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Dirac cones in photonic systems have many profound applications such as achieving zero‐index materials and nontrivial photonic phases. It is shown that double Dirac cones at the zone boundary can be restored by achieving accidental degeneracy between transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes in 2D photonic crystals with anisotropic permittivity. The topological band gap can be obtained by lifting nontrivial double Dirac cones, each of which is formed by two orthogonally polarized linear branches sharing the same mirror parities. Robust transport of gapless and high transmission of gapped edge states are also demonstrated in topological anisotropic photonic crystals, demonstrating that a high transmission flat‐top spectrum is observed in various working frequency regions even when the interface is no longer straight. This may pave the way to a paradigm for a bandwidth‐controllable robust waveguide in topological photonics.

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Dirac‐mode guidance in silica‐based hollow‐core photonic crystal fiber with high‐index dielectric rings

Biswas

Chattopadhyay

Bhadra

2016

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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Transmission of light in hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) is traditionally based on the out-of-plane photonic bandgap of the crystal cladding that usually consists of periodically arranged air holes in silica glass. A new kind of wave guidance relying on a special point (Dirac point) of eigenfrequency dispersion plot in high-index glass-based HC-PCF has been reported recently. Pure silica-based HC-PCF is not suitable for this kind of guidance. The existence of the Dirac point in a triangular lattice of air holes surrounded by a germania (GeO 2 )-doped high-index ring in pure silica host has been demonstrated. The addition of the high-index layer provides a control over the density of states around the Dirac point. The operating wavelength can be tuned precisely by controlling the doping concentration and thickness of the doped glass rings. The structure is very simple and can be fabricated through a conventional stack and draw method.

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Trapped photons at a Dirac point: a new horizon for photonic crystals

Cited by 26 publications

References 21 publications

Fiber guiding at the Dirac frequency beyond photonic bandgaps

Fiber guiding at the Dirac frequency beyond photonic bandgaps

Accidental Double Dirac Cones and Robust Edge States in Topological Anisotropic Photonic Crystals

Dirac‐mode guidance in silica‐based hollow‐core photonic crystal fiber with high‐index dielectric rings

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