Trapped ion optical frequency standards

Gill, P.; Barwood, G. P.; Klein, H. A.; Huang, Guozheng; Webster, S. A.; Blythe, Peter; Hosaka, Kazumoto; Lea, S. N.; Margolis, H. S.

doi:10.1088/0957-0233/14/8/302

Cited by 47 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…So a magnetic field of 0.1 µT allows to isolate the m F = 0 → m F = 0 transition and can be measured by the observation of these neighbouring transitions. Nevertheless, such a magnetic field may not be sufficient to maintain a high level of scattered light by the atomic system, as observed for other ions under study [4]. But it is possible to recover a high level signal by spinning of the laser polarisation [19,4] and we do not consider, at this level, this reduction of the signal as a limitation.…”

Section: Zeeman Effectmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…This precision depends a lot on the vessel design and experimental setup, and it seems difficult to estimate this uncertainty as long as we have not performed the experiment. Nevertheless, other authors [29] have projected to reduce by 50 the uncertainty induced by this shift and we assume that a reduction by a factor of 10 is readily achievable, which sets the uncertainty induced by the quadrupole effect to ±0.1 Hz. At this point, it is important to mention that in spherical traps, the field gradient is inferior to the one in linear traps, due to the confining geometry.…”

Section: Interaction With DC Electric Fields and Their Gradientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the ultimate performances of a Ca+ single-ion frequency standard

et al. 2004

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We numerically evaluate the expected performances of an optical frequency standard at 729 nm based on a single calcium ion. The frequency stability is studied through the Allan deviation and its dependence on the excitation method (single Rabi pulse or two Ramsey pulses schemes) and the laser linewidth are discussed. The minimum Allan deviation that can be expected is estimated to σ y (τ ) ≈ 2.5 × 10 −15 / √ τ with τ the integration time. The frequency shifts induced by the environmental conditions are evaluated to minimize the uncertainty of the proposed standard by chosing the most suited environment for the ion. If using the odd isotope 43 Ca + and a vessel cooled to 77 K, the expected relative shift is −2 × 10 −16 with an uncertainty of ±4 × 10 −16 , mainly due to the quadrupole shift induced by the unknown static electric field gradient .

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Section: Zeeman Effectmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Interaction With DC Electric Fields and Their Gradientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the ultimate performances of a Ca+ single-ion frequency standard

et al. 2004

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“…Current interest in the quadrupole moments of the metastable states of certain atomic ions stems from the application of narrow optical transitions to frequency standards [11]. For several ions that might be used for frequency standards, including Ca + , Sr + , Ba + , Yb + , and Hg + , the energy shifts due to the interaction of the quadrupole moments of the metastable states with stray electric field gradients, due, for example, to stray electric charges on ion trap electrodes, are among the largest sources of systematic error.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quadrupole moments and hyperfine constants of metastable states ofCa+,Sr+,Ba

Itano

2006

Phys. Rev. A

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)Atomic quadrupole moments and hyperfine constants of the metastable 2 D 3/2,5/2 states of Ca + , Sr + , Ba + , Yb + , and Hg + are calculated by the multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock and relativistic configuration-interaction methods. For Hg + , the configuration is 5d 9 6s 2 . For the other ions, the configuration consists of a single d-electron outside a set of closed shells. Current interest in the quadrupole moments of these states is due to the fact that optical transitions of these ions may be useful as references for frequency standards. Energy shifts of the metastable states due to the interactions of the quadrupole moments with external electric field gradients are among the largest sources of error in these frequency standards. For the quadrupole moments, agreement is obtained to within about 10% with the available measurements. For the hyperfine constants, good agreement is obtained with measurements and with other calculations, except for the A factors of the 2 D 5/2 states of Sr + , Ba + , and Yb + , where the correlation effects are so large that they reverse the sign of the constant relative to the Dirac-Hartree-Fock value. As a test of the Hg + calculational methods, quadrupole moments and hyperfine constants are calculated for the 5d 9 6s 2 2 D 3/2,5/2 states in isoelectronic neutral Au. This yields a new value of the nuclear quadrupole moment Q( 197 Au) = +0.587(29) b.

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“…Following the calculation of the hyperfine splitting in the 4d 6 vY state of SrÑ , it has now been found and measured [98,99] -within the theoretical uncertainty. The accurate theoretical results can also be used to extract nuclear quadrupole moments.…”

Section: W ômentioning

confidence: 75%

Atoms through the looking glass – a relativistic challenge

Pendrill¹

2008

Can. J. Phys.

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Abstract:The search for weak-interaction induced atomic parity non-conservation, initiated in the 70s, challenges both theory and experiment. Since the weak interaction is very short-range, the atomic effects increase rapidly with nuclear charge, as ¢ ¡. The focus has thus been on heavy atoms, where relativistic effects are essential, and nuclear size must be taken into account. The generalization of atomic many-body methods to relativistic systems involved both computational and formal difficulties, incorporating methods developed in quantum electrodynamics. Twenty years ago, the ability was emerging to treat atomic pair correlation in a relativistic framework. The application to many-electron systems opened for comparison with many atomic properties, such as isotope shifts, hyperfine structure and hyperfine anomalies, which reflect nuclear properties. In addition, the search for simultaneous violation of both parity and time reversal symmetry involves different types of effects, including nuclear "Schiff moments". Comparison between computed and experimental results for highly charged hydrogen-like systems provides a test of the theoretical and numerical treatment of the electron-nucleus interaction and of the description of nuclear distributions.

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Trapped ion optical frequency standards

Cited by 47 publications

References 53 publications

Evaluation of the ultimate performances of a Ca+ single-ion frequency standard

Evaluation of the ultimate performances of a Ca+ single-ion frequency standard

Quadrupole moments and hyperfine constants of metastable states ofCa+,Sr+,Ba

Atoms through the looking glass – a relativistic challenge

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