Trapped in Neglected Corners of a Booming Metropolis: Residential Patterns and Marginalization of Migrant Workers in Guangzhou

The spatial concentration of immigrant pupils at primary and lower secondary schools in the Czech Republic

“…In Western countries extensive research has been systematically devoted to this subject for more than half a century and has been presented in an equally extensive body of expert literature (e.g. Alba and Nee, 2005;Foner and Alba, 2008;Massey, 2008;Portes et al, 2005;Schneeweis, 2011Schneeweis, , 2013Schneeweis, , 2015Zhou and Cai, 2008). This is the result of the lengthy experience other countries have with migration and the conviction that a successful migration policy has a crucial impact on various spheres of society, as well as a fundamental influence on the sociopolitical climate in the country.…”

Entrepreneurship and interracial dynamics: a case study of self-employed Africans and Chinese in Guangzhou, China

“…Internal migrants, many of whom lack local hukou (household registration) status and are thereby considered the "floating population," live there. Without local hukou status, internal migrants lack equal access to public education, housing, and other social welfare programs and are systematically excluded from better job opportunities reserved for local residents with hukou status (Chan 1994;Solinger 1999;Zhou and Cai 2008). Even before the arrival of African migrants, these areas had become segregated migrant enclaves, identified by the municipal government as "bad" neighborhoods plagued with poverty, overcrowding, and the usual urban ills (Zhang 2003).…”

“…Likened to the Hong Kong on the Mainland or the Gold Mountain by the Pearl River, Guagzhou has attracted hundreds of thousands of migrants from both rural and urban areas all over China to pursue better economic opportunities and better lives. Despite strict population control via the hukou (household registration) system, the ratio of the migrant population without local hukou to the resident population with local hukou in Guangzhou in the late 1990s was 1:3 (Zhou and Cai 2008). Many rural-to-urban migrants, lacking local hukou status and access to full citizens' rights, have taken up self-employment as an effective social mobility pathway, engaging in businesses that complement the rising demands of African entrepreneurs (Bodomo 2007;Cai and Chen 2008;Cai and Huang 2008).…”

“…Landless farmers hold onto their own housing in villages and rent it out as a way to augment their incomes from wage work. Housing rental is lucrative, especially as the demand increases among internal migrants, who lack financial means and local hukou status to access housing in the formal market (Zhou and Cai 2008). Guangzhou has the largest number of chengzhongcuns of any other big cities in China (Chen 2012;Zhang 2003).…”

Do neighbourhoods have effects on wages? A study of migrant workers in urban China

“…Some of them have even lived in temporary dwellings at construction sites where they worked (Shen 2002). Cheap rent, short distance to workplace, and convenient access to public transportation were among the major reasons for living in poor housing areas-or 'neglected corners'-of booming metropolises (Gu and Shen 2003;Wu 2008;Zhou and Cai 2008). Higher rates of crime and social conflicts were recorded in some migrant-concentrated housing areas (Wang et al 2009;Pannell 2002).…”