Transverse multimode effects on the performance of photon-photon gates

He, Bing; MacRae, Andrew; Han, Yongqin; Lvovsky, A. I.; Simon, Christoph

doi:10.1103/physreva.83.022312

Cited by 52 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Optical nonlinearities typically arise from higher-order light-atom interactions, such that the nonlinearities at the single-photon level is very small. To overcome this limitation, several groups have been studying nonlinear optics and realizing quantum-information processing with EIT in cold Rydberg gases [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. In particular, the experiments with EIT in strongly interacting Rydberg atoms has demonstrated for quantum nonlinear absorption filter [32], single-photon switch [33], and single-photon transistor [34,35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong photon blockade with intracavity electromagnetically induced transparency in a blockaded Rydberg ensemble

Lin

et al. 2015

Phys. Rev. A

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong photon blockade with intracavity electromagnetically induced transparency in a blockaded Rydberg ensemble

Lin

et al. 2015

Phys. Rev. A

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“…There is a significant body of work studying the effects of mapping photons onto collective atomic Rydberg excitations [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Most proposals for photon-photon gates involve propagating Rydberg excitations (polaritons), either using blockade [21,22] or two excitations [23][24][25][26].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Achieving blockade conditions can be challenging since both photons have to be localized within the blockade volume. Following [6,7,[23][24][25][26], we here propose a storage-based scheme that instead relies on the interaction between two stationary Rydberg excitations.The main challenge for two-excitation based Rydberg gates in atomic ensembles arises from the fact that the interaction is strongly distance-dependent and thus not uniform over the profiles of the two stored photons. We show that this a priori reduces the gate's fidelity by displacing the collective excitations in momentum space and by entangling their quantum states.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Photon-photon gate via the interaction between two collective Rydberg excitations

Khazali

Heshami²,

Simon³

2015

Phys. Rev. A

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We propose a scheme for a deterministic controlled-phase gate between two photons based on the strong interaction between two stationary collective Rydberg excitations in an atomic ensemble. The distance-dependent character of the interaction causes both a momentum displacement of the collective excitations and unwanted entanglement between them. We show that these effects can be overcome by swapping the collective excitations in space and by optimizing the geometry, resulting in a photon-photon gate with high fidelity and efficiency.Deterministic quantum gates between individual photons are very desirable for photonic quantum information processing [1][2][3][4][5]. As photons interact only very weakly in free space, the implementation of such gates requires appropriate media. One attractive approach involves converting the photons into atomic excitations in highly excited Rydberg states, which exhibit strong interactions. Rydberg state based quantum gates between individual atoms and between atomic ensembles have been proposed [6][7][8][9][10] and implemented [11][12][13]. There are two categories of gates, those relying on the interaction between two excited atoms [6,7], and those based on Rydberg blockade [7][8][9][10][11][12][13], where only one atom is excited at any given time. There is a significant body of work studying the effects of mapping photons onto collective atomic Rydberg excitations [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Most proposals for photon-photon gates involve propagating Rydberg excitations (polaritons), either using blockade [21,22] or two excitations [23][24][25][26].Separating the interaction process and propagation makes it easier to achieve high fidelities for these photonic gates [27]. Such separation can be achieved by photon storage, i.e. by converting the photons into stationary rather than moving atomic excitations. The only storagebased photonic gate that has been proposed so far is based on the blockade effect [27]. Achieving blockade conditions can be challenging since both photons have to be localized within the blockade volume. Following [6,7,[23][24][25][26], we here propose a storage-based scheme that instead relies on the interaction between two stationary Rydberg excitations.The main challenge for two-excitation based Rydberg gates in atomic ensembles arises from the fact that the interaction is strongly distance-dependent and thus not uniform over the profiles of the two stored photons. We show that this a priori reduces the gate's fidelity by displacing the collective excitations in momentum space and by entangling their quantum states. However, we then show that it is possible to completely compensate the first effect by swapping the collective excitations in the middle of the interaction time, and to greatly alleviate the second effect by optimizing the shape and separation of the excitations, resulting in a photon-photon gate that achieves both high fidelity and high efficiency. Now we describe our scheme in detail. As shown in Fig. 1a, information is encoded in dual-rail...

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“…This is particularly important for achieving high optical nonlinearities, because guided optical fields can interact with EIT media over extended lengths . Guided fields also eliminate spatial effects in these interactions, thereby increasing quantum optical gate fidelity [10]. Particularly promising in this context are optical fibers of submicron diameter, which, when embedded into an atomic gas, allow strong coupling between the light and atoms via evanescent fields [11,12].…”

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confidence: 99%

Observation of electromagnetically induced transparency in evanescent fields

Thomas¹,

Kupchak²,

Agarwal³

et al. 2013

Opt. Express

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We observe and investigate, both experimentally and theoretically, electromagnetically-induced transparency experienced by evanescent fields arising due to total internal reflection from an interface of glass and hot rubidium vapor. This phenomenon manifests itself as a non-Lorentzian peak in the reflectivity spectrum, which features a sharp cusp with a sub-natural width of about 1 MHz. The width of the peak is independent of the thickness of the interaction region, which indicates that the main source of decoherence is likely due to collisions with the cell walls rather than diffusion of atoms. With the inclusion of a coherence-preserving wall coating, this system could be used as an ultra-compact frequency reference.Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) has been studied in many different quantum systems such as atomic vapors [1], superconducting [2,3] and optomechanical architectures [4][5][6]. Slowdown and storage of light pulses using EIT has been used for optical quantum memories with potential applications in long-distance quantum communication [7]. EIT is also a promising system for the implementation of giant optical nonlinearities, which will permit deterministic quantum optical computing [8,9].While most fundamental EIT studies were done with free-space optical fields, practical applications of this phenomenon require guided fields. This is particularly important for achieving high optical nonlinearities, because guided optical fields can interact with EIT media over extended lengths . Guided fields also eliminate spatial effects in these interactions, thereby increasing quantum optical gate fidelity [10]. Particularly promising in this context are optical fibers of submicron diameter, which, when embedded into an atomic gas, allow strong coupling between the light and atoms via evanescent fields [11,12].EIT has also been used as an atomic frequency standard [13], as the EIT linewidth can be many orders of magnitude smaller than the natural absorption linewidth of typical atomic transitions. Transmission linewidths on the order of 100 Hz have been achieved using polymer coated vapour cells [14], and optical clocks based on non-polymer coated cells have been constructed [15]. Achieving similar precision in microscopic cells will allow compact frequency standards, thereby dramatically enhancing the precision of portable geopositioning systems. Because evanescent fields have penetration depths on a scale of single microns, they offer a favorable venue for developing such standards.The above examples show the importance of EIT in evanescent fields in both fundamental and applied aspects of quantum technology. However, to date there existed no conclusive experimental evidence of this phenomenon. The present paper accomplishes this result and provides its detailed theoretical and experimental study. We observe EIT with control and signal beams totally reflected from an interface between glass and hot rubidium vapor in a macroscopic cell. Both fields are evanescent inside the vapor. The fact that we ...

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Transverse multimode effects on the performance of photon-photon gates

Cited by 52 publications

References 30 publications

Strong photon blockade with intracavity electromagnetically induced transparency in a blockaded Rydberg ensemble

Strong photon blockade with intracavity electromagnetically induced transparency in a blockaded Rydberg ensemble

Photon-photon gate via the interaction between two collective Rydberg excitations

Observation of electromagnetically induced transparency in evanescent fields

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