Transverse microscopic anatomy of the human scalp. A basis for a morphometric approach to disorders of the hair follicle

Headington, John T.

doi:10.1001/archderm.120.4.449

Cited by 191 publications

(188 citation statements)

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“…This finding was in accordance with the classic description: a group of two to four terminal hairs and associated with one or two vellus hair. 2,3 In each slice, 16.5 (12-23) follicles were identified, with no statistical difference between sexes. In males, the number of total follicles was higher in the vertex and frontal regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The current recommendation is to obtain the material with a 4-6-mm punch placed parallel to the hair emerging from the scalp. [2][3][4][5][6] Samples must include the terminal anagen follicle bulbs; therefore, the punch must reach and include the subcutaneous tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In vertical (longitudinal) sections only 10 to 15% of sample follicles are seen, and therefore several serial sections are needed for an appropriate assessment. 2 Horizontal or cross sections currently employed improve the quality of the histological study of scalp hair follicle. 2,5,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Transverse sections enable the overall assessment of fragments, yielding quantitative information about the sample.…”

Section: This Study Was Carried Out At the Instituto De Medicina Legamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1984, Headington characterized the cross-sectional microscopic structure of the hair follicle and pointed out the advantage of using it to assess the scalp. 2 The aim of this study was to analyze the structure of follicles, the proportion of anagen, catagen and telogen follicles in normal scalp fragments, as well as to compare these data between genders and biopsy sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Avaliação quantitativa em cortes histológicos transversais do couro cabeludo

Mulinari‐Brenner

Souza

Neto

et al. 2006

An. Bras. Dermatol.

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BACKGROUND -Punch-biopsy is a great tool for the diagnosis of scalp disorders, however experience is required for the dermatopathologist. Recognizing the standard structures found in normal scalp is very helpful in this aspect. OBJECTIVE -The goal of this study was to determine quantitative data considering normal structures on the scalp of white adults. METHODS -Twenty necropsies were followed by eighty 4mm-punch biopsies of clinically normal scalp. Samples were evaluated by transverse sections. RESULTS -Scalp fragments from white adults, age 21 to 78, demonstrated (medians): 16.5 (12.0-23.0) total follicles; 8.0 (6.0-9.0) follicular units; 15.0 (10.0-20.0) terminal follicles; 1.0 (0.0-2.0) vellus follicle; and 1.0 (0.0-2.5) fibrous tract. Considering the hair cycle phase: 92.2% were in anagen; 1.6% in catagen and 6.2% in telogen. CONCLUSION -Comparing the results, male samples demonstrated fewer follicular units, total and telogen follicles, and higher number of total follicles and fibrous tracts on frontal and vertex area. Keywords: Alopecia; Dermatology; Hair follicle; Histology; Scalp 16,5 (12-23) folículos totais; oito (6-9) unidades foliculares; 15 (10-20) folículos terminais; um (0-2) folículo velo; um (0-2,5) Resumo: FUNDAMENTOS -A biópsia por punch é de grande auxílio no diagnóstico das doenças do couro cabeludo quando avaliada por patologista experiente. O conhecimento das estruturas encontradas no couro cabeludo normal facilita o diagnóstico histopatológico nessa área tão complexa da dermatopatologia. OBJETIVO -Determinar dados quantitativos normais do couro cabeludo de adultos brancos. MÉTODOS -Em 20 necrópsias, 80 fragmentos de couro cabeludo clinicamente normal foram obtidos por punch 4mm. As amostras foram avaliadas em cortes transversais. RESULTADOS -Em fragmentos obtidos de adultos brancos, com idade variando entre 21 e 78 anos, foi possível observar (medianas):

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: This Study Was Carried Out At the Instituto De Medicina Legamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Avaliação quantitativa em cortes histológicos transversais do couro cabeludo

Mulinari‐Brenner

Souza

Neto

et al. 2006

An. Bras. Dermatol.

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“…The ''follicular unit'' concept was originally described by Headington in 1984. 10 He studied the transverse histological anatomy of the scalp and found that hair grows in groups of one, two, three, or four hairs, with their independent sebaceous glands, sweat glands, neurovascular bundle, and piloerectile muscle, surrounded by a sheath of collagen. These are true physiological units and an effort must be made to maintain them intact.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructive Hair Transplantation of the Face and Scalp

Barrera¹

2005

Seminars in Plastic Surgery

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Quantum leap advancements in hair transplantation have occurred in the past 10 to 15 years, particularly the use of micrografts (one-to two-hair follicular unit grafts) and minigrafts (three-to four-hair follicular unit grafts) used in large numbers (> 1000 grafts) in a single session (megasession). This was initially described for the treatment of male pattern baldness. Since that time I have found many other applications, particularly in facial and scalp reconstruction. Common causes for aesthetic reconstructive hair restoration in my experience include: hair loss due to facelift and forehead lift procedures, revision of unsatisfactory results from previous hair transplantation, burn alopecia, congenital reasons, postoncological resections, and idiopathic. The basic technique is described in detail, including the variations for each of the challenging anatomic areas including sideburns and temporal hairline, eyebrows, eyelashes, mustache, beard, and remaining scalp. Especial attention is given to the direction of hair growth, texture, aesthetic planning, and absence of detectable scars, so as to mimic nature. The use of micrografts and minigrafts in the aesthetic reconstruction of the face and scalp has been found to be safe and predictable and has provided a high level of patient satisfaction.

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The usefulness of dermoscopy in canine pattern alopecia: a descriptive study

Zanna

Roccabianca

Zini

et al. 2017

Advances in Veterinary Dermatology

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BACKGROUND: Dermoscopic studies evaluating noninflammatory, nonpruritic progressive alopecia attributable to pattern alopecia are currently unavailable. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the dermoscopic features observed in healthy skin of short coated dogs and compare these findings with those observed in dogs affected by pattern alopecia diagnosed by clinical and dermatopathological examination. ANIMALS: Thirty male and female, healthy, breed matched, young adult, short coated dogs (controls) and 30 male and female, young adult, short coated dogs affected by pattern alopecia. METHODS: Dermoscopy was performed with a Fotofinder II videodermoscope equipped with software that allowed the measurement of structures visualized in magnified images (20×-40×-70×). Skin biopsy samples were obtained from the thorax and evaluated dermoscopically for dermoscopic-histological correlation in affected dogs. RESULTS: Dermoscopic findings in canine pattern alopecia were hair shaft thinning, circle hairs and follicular keratin plugs; in the affected sun exposed areas there was a honeycomb-like pattern of pigmentation. Arborizing red lines reflecting vascularization were classified as a nonspecific finding because they were also common in healthy dogs. Dermoscopic features correlated with histology for selected hair follicle abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Although canine pattern alopecia is a visually striking disease, this study supports the value of dermoscopy for clinical examination and also opens promising perspectives for the identification of diagnostic dermoscopic patterns that may be useful for other skin disorders.

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Transverse microscopic anatomy of the human scalp. A basis for a morphometric approach to disorders of the hair follicle

Cited by 191 publications

References 1 publication

Avaliação quantitativa em cortes histológicos transversais do couro cabeludo

Avaliação quantitativa em cortes histológicos transversais do couro cabeludo

Reconstructive Hair Transplantation of the Face and Scalp

The usefulness of dermoscopy in canine pattern alopecia: a descriptive study

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